Management Information systems - Case study Essay

Management Information systems - Case study - Essay Example Additionally, the Maintenix system is available on the Web as well as easy to utilize and could be established for working and operational stations all through the world. In addition, it lessens cyclic tasks and protracted imperfect or missing data and information by permitting engineering, maintenance and finance divisions to simply share corporate data and information. Moreover, wireless technology based arrangement makes Maintenix information system more efficient like equipment, aviation technicians and parts are for all time on the move. Matintenix offered very effective system arrangement that is accessible on the Web and simple in managing all the stations all through the business domains, regarding operational and functional competence. In addition, software Matintenix minimizes repetitive jobs and missing time tracking or imperfect information by permitting engineering, maintenance and finance divisions to simply share data and information across the globe. Maintenix softwar e employs a contemporary and up-to-date architecture and offers superior potential like that function-based computerized workflow, Web browser interface, electronic database signatures, additional adapters and facility for portable wireless devices.

Water Based Fire Protection System Essay Example for Free

Water Based Fire Protection System Essay Water based fire protection system is the system which is designed to control fire, protect life of people, to minimize damages of materials and infrastructure in more effective manner. A considerable improvement has been made in this system to increase the efficiency of the system and to provide increased fire protection benefit. Numbers of deficiencies are identified in this system in form of reliability, tank storage flow capacity and hydrant spacing. To develop fire protection system in effective manner engineer services are hired in form of consulting, research and development, education, manufacturing and enforcement of facilities management. These engineers basically conduct fire research to known the exact effect of the innovative product or initiative on the fire system. During their research emphasis is made on four areas such as to involve risk analysis in fire protection design to obtain desired result. To conduct research in those areas where the emission of heat is higher and to translate ideas into model to implement it to get the desired result. They also give more emphasis on the understanding of human behavior to predict better on reaction of people to fire cues, smokes and alarms and also on availability of data to obtain more accurate figure, more cost effective designs, increased reliability and a better understanding of financial losses and the cost of improvement in fire protection system. The above research helps the engineers to make evolutionary improvements and to create advance developments in the fire protection system as the situation required. Historical and Evolutionary Improvements in Water based Fire Protection Systems Fire protection system that is incomplete, inadequate or absent or full of deficiencies is not capable of to control fire in best manner. For e. g. sprinkler system installed improperly or lacked water, fire alarms and smoke detractor not in proper condition, improper fire doors etc. These above problems can be solved by installing sprinklers throughout the complex, by adopting fire safety emergency escape route. As a result of this safety of members, staffs, visitors, buildings and life can be possible. It is recommended that proper investigation of all the machinery and fire protection surveys reports to be made on regular interval to ascertain the deficiency involve in the Water based fire protection system and thereby to remove them. The National Fire Protection Association is the sole national organization which develops and lay down standards, measures and steps mandatory required for the fire protection system for the protection of individuals and property from the dangers of fire. This Association helps the fire protection system to remain update with current technology and aware those with the recent improvements required therein. It is made compulsory provision to incorporate audit committee in every fire protection system to check whether the requirements of fire codes and regulations have been properly complied to ensure safety. It is also recommended to hire the service of capita police under the fire protection system to easily control over fire at anywhere. Their 24 hours on site presence play an important role in to control fire of uncontrolled nature. In recent years the need to prevent loss of aircraft damaged by guns and missiles is that to develop fire extinguishing system in the aircraft. In ships, on the other hand to cope with accidental fires, it is necessary to develop more effective fire extinguishing systems. The sprinkler, which was introduced more than 100 years ago, has developed incrementally, and advancements have been made more evolutionary and revolutionary. But the recent sprinklers which have been developed are designed to effectively fight fires in specific fire hazards and to make more efficient use of water. New sprinklers have been developed in the last several years for storage fire risk. The other technology which is emerge in recent years is the introduction of mist technology which is intermingled with work conducted on water spraying systems and sprinkler system. This system was earlier involve in fire control but did not prove to be so much effective due to the variety of pressures, agents, atomization techniques and nozzle configuration. So for its proper implementation need is require to conduct full scale fire testing for each application for which water systems could be applied. The main problem lies with the installation of this system in control of fire is that it is very costly to design, develop, and evaluate. There are three main advantages of water mist system over conventional fire protection systems. The very first advantage is the ability of water mist systems to perform fire extinguishment, suppression or control with far less water than the traditional system. The other advantage is its ability ton effectively cool the protected space. It has been generally seen that during or after water discharge the temperature of the product as well as environment reduced significantly. The last but not the least advantage is its ability to provide smoke scrubbing system which helps to efficiently remove the smoke from the environment that will lead to more clear surrounding. According to USFA (United States Fire Administration) analysis, United states and Canada are most prone to fire death among all industrialized nations. Till date, the fire problem in America was as severe as it was 30 years ago (Principal Findings and Recommendations). However, as a result of recent improvements fires are down by 21 percent per capita, there is reduction in deaths and injuries by 27 percent, adjustment of dollar loss is 28 percent. In 1975, when USFA was established, the approximate fire death were 12000 and the objective was to reduce deaths by 50 percent within 25 years. The goal was achieved by increased use of smoke alarms; there is significant decrease in the number of fires and death cases over past two decades. The greater use of sprinkler system, better code enforcement of fire and smoke-resistant construction methods, and newer fire rated construction materials has led to noticeable control over the fire death rates. Instead of making so much progress in the past decade, the United States is still having one of the highest per-capita fire death rates in the world. Here, the question arises, whether changes in the new building codes will set the United States back by a decade? Will over reliance on sprinklers and elimination of fire rated construction eliminate many of the gains that have been achieved over the past 30 years? This has led to a strong controversy on the subject of balancing active (sprinklers) and passive (fire and smoke-resistant construction) elements in fire protection, building design, and construction interests over the past several years. As a result of required changes in construction, as defined in the new International Building Code (IBC) 2000 and the new National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 5000 building codes, this issue has came into existence. How Codes have Changed and have been Implemented given these Improvements Over the past 30 years, the three national model building codes are incorporated with the increased use of sprinklers while the requirements for fire-resistant components such as walls, floors beams, trusses, girders, dampers, doors, cables and columns, concrete, fireproofing, fire duct wrap, firestop systems, fire rated glazing, and fire rated wall and ceiling boards are reduced. These components and materials are very useful in controlling the spread of fire, limit the damage to a burning building and surrounding structures, and allow sufficient time for occupants to escape and firefighters to do their work before the structure collapses. The two types of building codes are †¢ IBC 2000 It consists of three regional codes- BOCAI (Building Officials and Code Administrators International), SBCCI (Southern Building Code Congress International) and ICBO (International Conference of Building Officials). These codes are merged to produce a new code which represents an overall reduction in standards levels and thus in life-safety effectiveness. Significant differences in the fire protection effectiveness among areas of United States have been recorded due to difference in building code requirements, demographics, and public awareness of fire and smoke hazards. For example, less restrictive areas such as South and North east suffered greater loss of life as compared to regions such as California, where higher standards have been in force. These code differences has led to estimation of allowable height and area tables for building spaces and required mix of active and fire-resistant construction. †¢ IBC/NFPA 5000 The introduction of this code not only comprises to less restrictive provisions but also relax certain requirements: Earlier, BOCA National Building Code allowed only certain buildings with sprinklers to be constructed with no area restrictions or â€Å"fire-ratings† till one storey height. However, under IBC and NFPA 5000, the buildings can be two storeys high and need not be fire rated. The SBCCI Standard Building Code proposed that firewalls should have four-hour fire-resistance rating. With the incorporation of new codes, the fire ratings have reduced to two or three hour as per building occupancy and use. The ICBO Uniform Building Code allowed buildings to have sprinklers either to increase the allowable height or allowable area of building, but not both simultaneously. However, IBC and NFPA 5000 allowed both without increase in fire-resistant construction. The revised code has reduced the cost of new commercial construction by 2 to 3 percent because of significant increase to height and area tables and reductions in fire-resistant construction requirements. Increased reliance on sprinkler system is responsible for less-restrictive construction regulations and fire-resistant construction requirements. Projections for Future Trends and Expectations: Number of projections and planning is made in the coming years to increase the efficiency of the system which most suitable to future situation. The mission of water based fire protection industry is to preserve and enhance the quality of life through professional, highly trained, well equipped organization which delivers quality life suppression, prevention, education, emergency medical service, explosive ordnance disposal, rescue and other services. A noticeable increase in fire stations and apparatus is made at those places were chances of fire is more. The numbers of trained staff have increase to provide quick customer service. Currently fire stations are staffed with three personnel; a captain, engineer and a fire fighter who provides immediate life support. Providing training to as many as people and to include it as a subject in the course study to create the interest. The fire station were remodeled which are three person engine company. The priorities of fire protection system is to quickly response at emergency times, to provide training to personnel, to prevent fire, public education and development of public relations, to prepare pre-incident planning and to provide all the needed facilities of apparatus and equipment maintenance. A new system to collect data related to fire incident is constituted called as National Fire operating System (NFRS). In recent years more emphasis is given on the development of fire fighting strategy tactics, on aggressive interior attack, emphasis on primary and secondary rescue operations to increase the efficiency of each individual. The new program is also set up to measure the level of fitness of employees and to ensure that employees can perform their duties in healthy and safe manner, and to reduce job related injures. A rescue list will be available to common people to utilize the service in case of need and to provide service beyond normal expectations. Numbers of safety surveys are conducted at business places, education centers, service organizations and other public places to minimize the risk of fire and in return to provide a safe place to live. References: Reffered to sites: 1. http://www. pbcsd. org/reports/reviews/WaterSytemReview102706. pdf/Memorandum. 2. http://www. sfpe. org/upload/sfpe_research_agenda.pdf/The society of fire protection engineers. 3. http://www. facilitiesnet. com/ms/article. asp? id=4270keywords=fire%20protection,%20fire%20inspections. Keeping Fire Protection Systems from Going Bad: Developing a Maintenance Program By Lynn Proctor windle 4. http://www. fireengineering. com/articles/article_display. html? id=196217 CLARIFYING THE ISSUE OF FIRE PROTECTION BALANCE Richard R. Licht BY RICHARD R. LICHT 5. http://www. tahoefire. com/StrategicPlan2004. pdf PLAN REVIEW PROCESS

Amputation Of Arms And Legs Health And Social Care Essay

Amputation Of Arms And Legs Health And Social Care Essay Multiple health need is a theoretical account to have an comprehensive view on multiple interwebbing needs of a client which pairs health and social issues. There cannot be a common frame work for the complex needs for all, but it is individual specific and need separate response from care givers. (Rankin Regan) Client Discussion A 37 year old client named Mr Shaiju came to the emergency department with alleged history of road traffic accident (RTA) in which a lorry ran over the tibia of the left leg. On admission Mr Shaiju had immense pain over the left leg and was having tachycardia and hypotension. The skin over the left tibia was degloved and the client looked apprehensive .On radiological examination Mr Shaiju was diagnosed with a compound fracture of tibia and fibula. The orthopedician advice for a Below knee Amputation since there was popliteal artery injury along with nerve injury and bone fracture, which when associated together in patient is a higher risk to end up into amputation (K. Rerkasem 2006), even though the patient had history of Type II diabetes Mellitus by considering the finding of Guo Jiong Jiong et al (2009) that immediate operation is possible in a patient with fracture. The client was moved with traction splints to Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) after taking routine investigatio ns like blood routines (HIV , HbSAg screening, Liver Function Test, CBC ESR and Urine Routine, Random Blood test, Urea , Creatinine) and ECG . In SICU Mr Shaiju was prepared for surgery. Amputation is the method of surgical removal of a limb or a portion of limb which no longer be beneficial for the person, instead it produce immense pain and cause threats to the life of individual because of injury or infection. Below Knee Amputation is the process of surgical removal of lower portion of leg beneath from knee joint (Riley Lee Richard 2005).This can arise to many interlinking needs for the patient like economical social, psychological demands which are not directly linked with condition but play a crucial role in the recovery of the patient Relevance In order to mention the multiple health needs of the patient with below knee amputation, practitioner use the above mentioned case of Mr. Shaiju who was a victim of RTA because he was drunken and driven cycle into a lorry and broken the tibia and fibula of right leg along with injury to both nerve and artery resulted in below knee amputation. This client is a perfect example of a case of multiple health need of patient undergone amputation since he is having all needs To protect confidentiality all the persons are mentioned with pseudo names in accordance with Nursing Midwifery Guideline in 2008 The subject of this case study Mr Shaiju is a 37 year old who has been admitted in authors unit with severe injury to right lower limb because of RTA.On physical examination his height was 168 cm weight was 68kg and Body Mass Index (BMI) was .He was hypotensive with Blood Pressure and Tachycardic .On auscultation he was having crackles and he was having an episode of cough since one week. He was having a surgical mark on the left iliac region of abdomen. He was having a muscular build and the rest of all system was functioning normally. He was assessed for fracture, abdominal or head injury by observation, neurological examination and also an abdominal ultra sonography and results of all those were negative. System wise Examination 1. General Appearance: Muscular body built. He was apprehensive and cooperative to author despite of severe pain he was having. 2. Skin: Good skin turgor,but skin is dry and pale over palm and lower extremity 3. Head a) Skull is normal, round appearance with no sign of injury or bruise mark. b) Hair is thick and some are white in colour c) No visible facial abnormalities 4. Eyes a) Pupils are equally round and reactive to light and accommodation b) Eyebrows are equal c) No evidence of periorbital oedema d) Cornea is smooth e) White sclera 5. Ears a) No foul smelling discharge present b) Normal position of pinna c) Recoil of pinna is present when it is folded 6. Nose: No abnormal discharge present 7. Throat Mouth: No obvious swelling and sore present, Normal Deglutition and gagging reflex present. 8. Neck a) No visible enlargement of thyroid gland and jugular vein distension 9. Chest: Normal appearance, no gynecomastia present 10. Cardiovascular: No cardiac murmurs, normal rhythm of pulse 11. Respiratory: Crackles on the both lungs with frequent coughing 12. Gastrointestinal: No organomegaly present and normal bowel sounds present. 13. Extremities: No abnormality found other than crush injury over right lower limb 14) Urogenital System: Normal urine output present, no haematuria or pyuria present 15) Neurological System: Normal reflexes present Past Medical History The past medical history was not good when the operation while considering the possible complication associated with it. Shaiju had severe medical histories like Type II Diabetic Mellitus (DM), hypertension and also chronic alcoholism He was diagnosed of having diabetics in 2006 and was on regular oral hypoglycaemic. In the year 2007 he was diagnosed of a victim of chronic renal failure as hypertension is a main predisposing factor for the disease ( ).He was on regular haemodialysis as this is the best treatment option available for chronic alcoholism ( ) beside with the supportive medication. Past Surgical History He had undergone appendicectomy one year before and the operative and post operative history was uneventful. He had developed a heterogeneous mass in the hilum of liver and on later examination it was found to be a cyst and Endoscopic retrograde collangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed .On ERCP gallstones and stone on hepatic duct was found out and removed and a drain was put to remove pus collection from the cyst. Living Standard Family History He is having a nuclear family with wife and three children and he is the only bread winner of the family. His parents were died because of old age and cause of death according to him was because of Cardiac Arrest. His uncle and mother was having DM and hypertension. He had four siblings in which three of them died because of cancer and another one recently died because of RTA, so he was very stressed since he also encountered with an accident. Financial Status He is a coli worker and belongs to a socially deprived group of society. He did not have support from any other family member since he is the only earning member and his other relatives are belong to low socio economic strata .The subject was living in a rented house. The roof was tiled and having accessibility to safe water. Nutritional Status He was well nourished and is a non vegetarian. He was taking foods four times a day and had at least 8 glass of water per day. MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT Crush Injury of Lower Extremity Physiological Function  ¿Ã‚ ½ To bear the weight of the body.  ¿Ã‚ ½ To enable in locomotion. The main focus of the orthopedician is to manage the condition by below knee amputation, even though that may be considered as the failure of surgeon to perform amputation since due to the advancement of surgery in micro vascular technique, revascularisation and internal fixation of fracture (Ertl Jan 2005). But in this case the bone was fragmented due to crush injury by RTA.A transtibial procedure was used. Informed consent was taken from the patient and the risk for above knee amputation was explained. The patient was given supine position and tourniquet was applied. An anterior-posterior incision was used. The muscle layer was dissected first and followed by the neurovascular structures. After the soft tissues dissected the osseous tissue is approached using chisel. After the dissection is performed anterior flap is attached to posterior flap. Drains are placed to prevent the formation of hematoma and the extremity is wrapped in sterile dressing and plaster cast is applied with le g in extension. The splint was removed on 7th day, as the normal duration will be between 2-7 days (Ertl Jan 2005). The patient was on broad spectrum antibiotics since he was a high risk candidate for infection due to diabetics mellitus ( ) and NSAIDS. ALCOHOLISM ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMME Alcoholism is a condition arises because of either psychological or physical strive alcohol is consumed which is manifested by behavioural and responses of other kind and is associate with a temptation to consume alcohol to get its physiological effect or to nullify the effects caused if you not taking alcohol. (World Health Organisation 1992). Alcohol Withdrawal syndrome is a group of clinical manifestation which arises due to the reduced concentration of alcohol in the blood , which is essential for the normal functioning of that individual since the body developed dependency to alcohol ( Winnington J et al 1998 ) Pathophysiology The reduced intake of alcohol because of long post operative period caused decrease of alcohol levels in patients ¿Ã‚ ½ blood so that body cannot perform the normal function, since his body developed dependency. The withdrawal symptoms were sweating in night, tremors, increase in heart beat and respiration, reduced amount of sleep, agitation and irritability. He was aggressive and also had auditory hallucination. Treatment. The patient developed alcohol withdrawal syndrome on the 3rd post operative day, the common complication of alcohol abstinence after a long history of drinking. The patient was referred to psychiatrist and was advised to give Polybion an Intravenous drug of multivitamin and Serenenace tablet in order to make the patient calm. Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder in which there may be absolute or relative absence of insulin hormone or resistance of insulin or a combination of both which deter the proper carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. DM is of two types 1. Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or NIDDM or Type II DM 2. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus Anatomy Physiology Pancreas is an endocrine gland situated behind stomach and it is in the left upper quadrant of abdomen .It is an exocrine as well as endocrine gland. . The two important hormones are Glucagon and Insulin. The former convert glycogen stored in body tissues to glucose for meeting energy requirement and the later do vice versa that is glucose to glycogen. Pancreas is having three pats head neck and tail. It is supplied by pancreaticoduodenal and splenic artery and pancreaticoduodenal vein. Pathophysiology The risk factors for DM can be grouped as non modifiable( age, family history , ethnic origin) and modifiable risk factors (Obesity, hypertension, polycystic ovarian disease , viral infection , drugs , stress and gestational diabetics mellitus ) .Mr Shaiju had family history ,and hypertension . These caused hyperglycaemia. The hyperglycaemia cause increased glucose uptake which penultimately leads to cellular starvation and ultimately in polyphagia since satiety centre is stimulated because of the starvation. The hyperglycaemia causes increased glucose elimination from kidney since it exceed renal threshold. This result in polyuria since more water will be gone out since glucose will attract the water. The hyperglycaemia increase blood osmolarity which in turn result in polydypsia since intracellular dehydration occurs as fluid shifts from intracellular to extra cellular space and also it result in reduced blood flow which causes complication of diabetics like dry itchy skin, nephrop athy, neuropathy, retinopathy and confusion. Mr Shaiju was devoid of complications and had polydypsia, polyphagia and polyuria. Treatment Throughout the days the blood sugar level of patient was very much raised due to underlying history of diabetics and stress due to hospitalisation. The patient was advised to start insulin injection subcutaneously from 2nd postoperative day since the oral hypoglycaemic agents was found ineffective, with the advice of doctor specialised in diabetics. Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) Anatomy Physiology Kidney is a retroperitoneal bean shaped organ situated between T12 and L3 vertebrae and is guarded by 11th and 12th ribs. The basic functional unit of kidney is Nephron. The physiological functions are excretion , controlling the fluids in blood , maintain ionic regulation of pH of the body fluids, it share the function of synthesising vitamin D along with skin, and it maintain red blood cell concentration. CRF is a disease condition in which kidney cannot maintain body ¿Ã‚ ½s normal internal environment since there occurs gradual progressive deterioration in the number of functioning renal tissues. Pathophysiology There are predisposing factors (Age above 55 Family history of DM and Hypertension) and precipitating factors (Life style like smoking and alcoholism, certain diseases like hypertension and DM, recurrent infections). Mr Shaiju had the family history of DM and hypertension and also had both diseases and he was a chronic alcoholic. These factors caused thickening of small vessels and deposition of collagen in them resulting in decrease blood flow. This causes glomerulosclerosis and thereby reducing glomerular filtration rate (GFR).This result in gradual progression through 5 stages according to the Kidney Disease Outcome Initiative Classification. Stage I: GFR will be normal (>90ml/min/1.73meter square) Stage II: GFR will be mildly reduced (60-89ml/min/1.73meter square) Stage III: GFR is moderately reduced (30-59 ml/min/meter square) Stage IV: There occurs severe reduction in GFR(15-29ml/min/meter square) Stage V : There occurs failure of kidney ( Mr Shaiju was on 4th stage of CRF and had pruritis, anorexia, and decreased libido. Treatment The patient was having a history of chronic renal failure and hypertension so he was given antihypertensive (ACE inhibitors), loop diuretic, vitamin and mineral supplements and especially Vitamin D supplement. There was a high concern for the worsening of the disease because of the high course of antibiotics science kidney is the organ meant for excretion of waste products of drug metabolism ( ) . He was on protein restricted diet. The author as a nurse practitioner looked the patient holistically like physical, psychosocial and economic dynamics rather than particular disease. PHYSICAL DYNAMICS Alcoholism is associated with many medical problems which is harmful for the normal functioning of the body. It also is the causative factor of RTA as in the case of him ( in United Kingdom one in seven RTA is due to alcoholism) and problems with co-ordination ( Ritson Bruce 2000).There will be a great expectation of the patient for health care professionals to ask about the drinking habits of the patients (Kaariainen et al 2001).The hospital is the best site for prevention since the admitted patient in the hospitals demonstrate high willingness to change (Emmon et al 1992).The nurse practitioner used this opportunity to identify yhe dangerous alcohol consumption habit of the patient and given counselling as stated by Lock et al on 2002. The nurse practitioner identified the risk of developing contractors a major concern after the amputation (Christian Adrian 2006) and also the physical movement act as the stimuli in mechanical form for the skeleton in maintain normal homeostasis of bones (Lundon Katie 2000).The immobilization cause sudden loss of bone mass (Krolner et al 1983). So the patient was given range of motion exercises along with physiotherapists. The residual limb was covered with elastic bandage so that the residual limb attains proper shape and is devoid of swelling (Christian Adrian 2006). Mr Shaiju had muscle pain skin pain and bone pain and he was given health education regarding that the former two will diminish quickly and the later will last longer as quoted by Erhl Jan in 2005. The patient was given special care for phantom limb sensation and given massage from mild to severe pattern and also towel used , both for desensitization so that the nerve reflex is reduced (Riley Lee Richard 2005).The pat ient was given health education that residual limb should be kept covered and elevated in order to enhance blood supply and wound healing. From physical examination nurse practitioner identified the crackles in the lungs and cough. The patient was given chest physiotherapy and steam inhalation so that the present condition was relieved. The stress of operation results in an increased circulatory adrenaline, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, cortisol and growth hormone which result in deficiency of insulin in body and also develop resistance to insulin (Heller 2002). The nurse practitioner identifies the tough job to find out hypoglycaemia in a sedated patient after surgery since the diabetic patient. The patient ¿Ã‚ ½s blood glucose was checked half hourly to relieve the risk of hypoglycaemia and its complication. The nurse practitioner identified the risk of decline in physique and functional capability in haemodialysis patient (Johansen L Kirsten 2003). Adequate attention was given for this aspect and patient was approached with that mind set and was referred to dietician for preventing malnutrition. PSYCHOSOCIAL DYNAMICS The nurse practitioner given information regarding the temporary problem with verbal, visual and spatial learning, which would be regained within few weeks if the chronic alcoholics abstains from alcohol (Ellenberg Leah 1980).The point about the alcohol hinders the performance of suitable form of behaviour and self interpretation regarding events happened in past (Hull G Jay 1981) was informed to patient. The patient was also informed regarding the loss of functioning in which alcoholics deter better processing of information and physical activity and also the increases chance of aggression after consumption of alcohol (Hull g Jay1986). ECONOMIC DYNAMICS The term diabetes mellitus denote a severe issue to health care because of the increasing cost and the hindering nature of disease on the individuals affected to live a better quality of life. The complications of DM can be prevented by proper primary care which reduce two third of the cost. Physical activity and weight regulation promote reduction in the expenditure for mortality and morbidity (G John 2009). REHABILITATION The nurse practitioner coordinated the rehabilitation team which consist of dietician, social workers, occupational therapist by proper referrals, informing the proper condition and improvement of patient and helping them in the rehabilitation process.

Haile Selassie King of Kings, Conquering Lion of the tribe of Judah Ess

Haile Selassie King of Kings, Conquering Lion of the tribe of Judah When Ras Tafari Makonnen took the imperial throne in Ethiopia in 1930 as Haile Selassie I, a new movement was born in Jamaica. The crowning of a Black King? Was this not what Marcus Garvey told his Jamaican followers fifteen years earlier when he said"Look to Africa for the crowning of a Black King; he shall be the Redeemer"(BARRETT 8 1)? Selassie would prove to be one of Ethiopia's most noble leaders. He pushed education for his people. He made a valiant effort to drag Ethiopia out of its stagnant state of unpaved roads, minimal schools, very little education and no say in international affairs. He looked and carried himself like a king. The Ethiopian Emperor traditionally took the title King of Kings, Lion of the tribe of Judah as a title. There are over seventy different ethnic groups within Ethiopia's mountains. The dominant group were the Amharas. Selassie was an Amharic, and the government traditionally was predominantly Amharic. The people of Jamaica in 1930 were in a hopeless situation. They had been exploited from the first days of slavery on the island. There were minimal opportunities for improvement. With such Biblical inferences and a contrast to the leading, predominantly white, governments of the world, it is not hard to believe that a people of such strong faith would accept this new Emperor as their living savior. The Rastafarians were born out of desperation. They had nothing and were going no where. Haile Selassie was a symbol to them that the black man could be strong, contrary to what they saw in their own country. Ethiopia was a black nation that had been independent for thousands of years, despite its African neighbors (with the ... ...o he label him a savior remains a personal belief. Bibliography Barrett, Leonard E., Sr. The Rastafarians. Beacon Press Books. (Boston, MA). 1997. Clapham, Christopher. Haile- Selassie's Government. Frederick A. Praeger, Inc. (New York, NY). 1969. Felleman, Adam. Unofficial Selassie I Archives. http:/ /web.syr.edu/ affellem/ Gorham, Charles. The Lion of Judah: A life of Haile Selassie: Emperor of Ethiopia . Ariel Books, New York. 1966. Harrison, Michael. Selassie Home Page, Roots and Culture. August 10,1997. http://wwwjah.com Kaleidescope. Haile Selassie Biography. 1998. Kapuscinski, Ryszard. The Downfall of an Autocrat. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. (NewYork,NY). 1978. Lefort, Rene. Ethiopia: An Heretical Revolution?. Zed Press. (Totowa, NJ). 1983. Scott, William R. Sons of Sheba's Race. Indiana University Press (Indianapolis, IN). 1993.

Cream Seperation

Separation of cream from full cream milk using the Disc- Bowl Centrifuge. Introduction:- Cream is usually a dairy product containing high fat percent, which can be seen floating on the top before the homogenization process. When the milk is unhomogenized, overtime, the fat lighter in weight rises to the top. The process in the industries is completely different as they use centrifuges, normally called as separators to accelerate the creaming process. Cost of cream totally depends upon its fat content.Cream usually produced by the livestock grazing process on natural pastures normally contains some amount of natural carotenoid pigments acquired from plant materials they consume; as a result of which the cream appears a bit yellowish in colour. Cream derived from the milk of livestock fed indoors is usually white in colour as they normally are grain based pellets. There is a formula for determining the rate of sedimentation, widely known as Stokes’ law. It states that a particle moving through viscous liquid attains a constant velocity or sedimentation rate. Equation for Stokes’ law Vg = d2 (Pp- P1)/ 18  µ ?G Where:- Vg = Sedimentation Velocity d2 = particle Diameter Pp = Particle density P1 = Liquid density G = gravitational acceleration  µ = viscosity of liquid Aims:- 1. To separate cream from full cream milk at two speed settings of the disc bowl centrifuge. 2. To evaluate sensory properties of the cream and skimmed milk. 3. To determine the throughput of the centrifuge. Materials and Equipments:- Disc-bowl centrifuge 1 Litre and 400 ml beakers Litre measuring cylinder Sample cups –transparent 2 Litres full cream milk Large Plastic bowls Pans Stopwatch Digital Thermometer Method:- 1.Two batches of 1 litre of full cream milk was warmed at 37 degree C. 2. 1 litre beaker was placed beneath the lower, heavy phase, spout of the centrifuge. This usually was the point from where the skim milk exits. Right after then the 400 ml beaker was plac ed beneath the upper, light phase, spout of the centrifuge which usually was the exit point for the cream. 3. Before carrying out the next step, it was ensured that the tap of the milk receiving reservoir at the top of the centrifuge was in a closed position ie. Pointing N to S 4. Warmed milk weighing 1 litre was then inserted into the reservoir. . The motor was switched on as soon as milk was inserted and was set on the lowest speed setting by adjusting the speed setting knob. 6. As the motor speed was steady, the tap of the reservoir containing milk was then released and the stopwatch was started. 7. Portions at light and heavy liquid phases were then collected from the relevant spouts, cream and skimmed milk respectively. 8. The stopwatch was switched off as soon as the milk reservoir was empty and the time taken was noted. 9. The motor of the centrifuge was allowed to run till the flow of skimmed milk and cream was ceased. 10.The portions of skimmed milk and cream received throu gh their relative phases were then measured and then the yield was calculated. 11. The throughput of the material was then determined in litres per hour at its respective speed setting. 12. The stages 2 to 12 were repeated using second batch of warmed milk, with the only difference being the time setting. The whole process was carried out by operating the motor on the highest speed setting. 13. The above process was followed by placing the large bowl underneath the spouts and by flushing the centrifuge using cold water just to clear the washings in the centrifuge. 4. Right after the process the whole equipment was dismantled including the reservoirs spouts, collecting funnel etc. The parts were then washed using hot water with a little detergent. 15. The cream and skimmed milk from each speed setting (i. e. High speed setting and low speed setting) were then subjected to sensory properties evaluation. * * * * Result:- * * The following were the results obtained :- 1. The results for 0. 1 % skimmed milk at low speed setting were * Fat:- 00. 07% * * And the results for same product at high speed setting were * Fat:-00. 03% * 2.The results for 2 % semi skimmed milk at low speed setting were * Fat:- 1. 60 % * * The results for 2 % semi skimmed milk at high speed setting were * Fat:- 1. 64% * 3. The results for 4% Whole milk at low speed setting were * Fat:- 6. 56% * * The results for 4% Whole milk at High speed setting were * Fat:- 7. 25% * * * Discussion:- * 1. Principles of the operation of Disc-bowl Centrifuge. * Brennan (2006) states that the Disc bowl centrifuge works on the principle of particle density. Feed is introduced through the bottom of the bowl.As it comes with the contact of the centrifugal force, the dense phase moves downside while the lighter phase passes through the top spout. * 2. Different Categories of cream available to the consumer and their legal minimum fat contents? * Sheila (2006) mentioned in an article that categories of cream availa ble are * Single cream – 18 % minimum fat content * Double cream – 48% minimum fat content * Half cream – 12% minimum fat content * Whipping Cream – 35% minimum fat content * Creme fraiche – 30% minimum fat content * Soured cream – 18% minimum fat content * Clotted cream – 55% minimum fat content. 3. Categories of cream produced in the Practical? * Type of cream produced in the practical was single cream * 4. Purpose of Cream screw? * The thickness of the cream can be adjusted by the help of the cream screw. Cream screw helps to trap the cream and helps the cream to let out. * * 5. Why is the milk heated first? * De (1991) explained that, higher the temperature and degree during agitation the greater is the loss of skimmed milk and vice versa. When the milk is heated and agitated, the agitation process causes size reduction of bigger fat globules into smaller ones.As a result of which they escape the effect of centrifugal force, leadi ng to exclusion of fat loss in the skimmed milk. To reduce creaming. * * Conclusion:- * Cream was successfully separated from the milk using Disc bowl centrifuge. The cream was further tested for its sensory properties, and the sensory properties of the cream were found to be appealing. * * * * References:- * * J. G. Brennan (2006). â€Å"Food Processing Handbook†. Wiley-Vch. * * Sheila (2006). â€Å"Cream Final Edition†. The Times, London, UK. * * Sukumar De (1991). â€Å"Outlines of Dairy Technology†. Oxford University Press.

Conflicts and Communication Essay

Communication is a very key role in any type of relationship whether it be business, personal or intimate. When we enter into any type of relationship one needs to have the skills to communicate effectively and make sure that the complete message gets portrayed to the receiver. When one does not communicate effectively, the result causes interpersonal conflict. In the movie â€Å"Hitch† it involves two individuals, Will Smith and Eva Mendes, who meet and begin to enter into the beginning stages of a relationship. There is certainly an attraction, both physically and due to a common interest in things. Through hesitation and Mendes declining Smith numerous times, she finally agrees to go out with him and it turns out that they seem to be quite compatible. Through their friendship they begin to develop an intimate relationship with one another. Through this whole process Mendes has been very open and honest about things that are important to her and things that are private to her as well. It seems that Smith is doing the same thing, however it turns out that he is withholding very important information that should be shared with her. The main interpersonal conflict in this movie would be due to Smith not communicating to Mendes that he is the â€Å"Date Doctor†. Mendes has a major issue with this because she had a very good friend who was dumped and she placed the blame on Smith for this situation When she finds out what his true profession is, she become irate and storms off and refuses to speak to him or listen him. This instance caused an instant dissolution of their relationship. There was an issue, but instead of communicating it out loud or discussing it, quite the opposite happened. In our text, Sole states that, â€Å"Resentments, suspicions and other problems occur when people do not communicate or behave in ways that are consistent with the relationship the other person things has been established, and people tend to pay the most attention and to respond forcefully when the communication does not match their expectations† (Sole, 2011). Towards the end of the movie, they finally are able to communicate to each other on the same level and they work things out. In my opinion, all tension could have been resolved and the relationship could have been restored from the get-go if Smith and Mendes would have truly communicated and would have been completely honest and transparent about their lives and the things that they do and that they are involved in. Obviously, it is easier said than done. Another thing that should have been avoided would be assuming things that are really not true. â€Å"The single biggest problem with communication is the illusion that it has taken place† (George Bernard Shaw). This quote really sums up the main point and resolution to problems and issues with intrapersonal communication. Never be so blinded by the things that you are hiding from individuals you are developing relationships with and never assume that they understand things you, as the speaker, have not completely portrayed.

Application of ethical theory to a case study vignette

Application of ethical theory to a case study vignette Critics argue that the principles of business ethics are only theoretical since they are conceived within scholarly boundaries and thus not applicable to real life business. Regardless of this, there are numerous ethical theories which describe the process of ethical decision making. These include the social contact theory, the stakeholder theory, Kantian ethics, among others.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Application of ethical theory to a case study vignette specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These theories have different assertions, all of them relevant to modern business ethics. To illustrate their usefulness in the development of modern business ethics, two of these theories are analyzed against the James Company vs. town council scenario. The concept of business ethics varies from one society to another. While an aspect maybe considered as unethical in a given society, the same might be ethically acceptabl e in a different society. Regardless of this, Ostas (2007) argues that the motivation for violating business ethics is multifaceted, more so by pecuniary self interest, which is further complicated by conflict of interest. There are numerous factors which need to be considered in determining whether a situation portends conflict of interest. These include the nature of affiliations between parties in a business contract, employment issues as well as legal and social obligations by firms towards the local community and business partners. Ostas’ (2007) arguments illuminate a number of key issues relevant to this case study. To begin with, the nature of affiliations between James’ Company and the town council portends conflict of interest. James’ Company had previously won tenders fairly. However, the fact that a third of employees in James’ Company come from the town pose crucial questions on the reason why the town council overpaid the Company in the lates t tender. Since this is a fixed price contract, extra payments portends breach of contract agreement, and is likely to be perceived as kickbacks or rewards to James’ Company for providing employment to members of the town’s community. This argument lends itself to the fact that there are three major stakeholders in this case: James’ Company, the town council and the company employees.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These stakeholders are likely to benefit from such unethical practices. Additionally, the dilemma is compounded by the fact that the town council, which is the client, adamantly maintains that the extra unauthorized payments are correct. There are a number of business ethics theories which can be used to analyze this case. Since this case study involves conflict of interest regarding major stakeholders, the stakeholder theory o f business ethics seems relevant. According to the stakeholder theory, business managers have the obligation to manage resources only for the purposes for which they are intended. This implies that there exist fiduciary relationships between major stakeholders, which must be maintained without violating business ethics. The social contract theory is a set of ethical sub theories, which recognizes that business ethics are governed by social contract between a recognized business and the society served by the firm. As such, firms should serve both their interests as well as those of the community without violating normative ethics (Hasnas 1998). In addition to these, while Kantian school of thought is one of the most complicated ethical theories, it postulates that business practices can only be moral if they are motivated by duty as well as goodwill. Additionally, Kantian ethics are based on universally acceptable maxims (Bowie 1999a). All these theories provide plausible bases to an alyze this case. However, the stakeholder theory as well as Kantian ethics override others due their close relationship with issues relevant to this case. The case of James’ Company and the town council revolves around the relationship between major stakeholders and how resources are managed. This relationship portends conflict of interest since all stakeholders are seen as benefiting from unethical business transactions. Using the stakeholder theory, it is evident that the town council violated normative business ethics by paying the contractor over the amount stipulated in the contract.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Application of ethical theory to a case study vignette specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the stakeholder theory, business managers are the principle custodians of capital extended by stakeholders. As such, managers are obliged to ensure that money is only spent for the purpose s stipulated in a business agreement (Hasnas 1998). Hasnas’ (1998) argument should be considered against the requirements American business contract law which criminalizes making payments especially in cases that portend conflict of interest. The extra $ 10000 seems a reward to the company for employing the towns’ people, and thus illegal. Based on this argument, the town council management breached the contact terms by paying more than the amount agreed in the contract. The stakeholder theory further asserts that stakeholders extend capital to business managers and as such, managers are obliged to cater for the wishes of stakeholders (Hasnas 1998). Since the town council is a major stakeholder, its wish is to use any means to protect jobs for the local population. In this case, the extra $ 10000 seemed to have been paid to maintain trust between the three major stakeholders, but is not part of the business contract. But as Hasnas (1998) asserts, the use of capital for any purpose contrary to contract agreement, despite it being for the best interest of stakeholders becomes unethical. Furthermore, the stakeholder theory postulates that managers are obliged to use business capital for the interest of all stakeholders. In this context the term stakeholders refers to any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the corporation (Hasnas 1998). Thus, the local community, James’ Company, the company employees and the town council become major stakeholders. It is logical to argue that the source of council capital is taxation and rates imposed on the local community. Thus, making such unauthorized payments amounts to misuse of public funds, and is not for the best interest of the public. While the stakeholder theory seems to focus on fiduciary relationship between stakeholders, Kantian ethics focus on categorical imperativism. In this case, an individual must have the will and is duty bound to act on maxims that are universally accepta ble. Therefore, only those actions motivated by universally acceptable maxims are morally permissible (Bowie 1999b).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As indicated earlier, an act portends conflict of interest depending on the nature of affiliations, legal and social obligations as well as issues of employment, which seems to underlie The James’ Company town council scenario; the town council made extra $ 10000 payments to James’ Company, arguably based on profits that would be accrued by all stakeholders. Following Kantian ethics, making extra payments follows the maxim that it is morally permissible for a client to make extra payments to sustain fiduciary business relationships. Thus, the council management ought to ask itself whether making unauthorized payments to a contractor to sustain fiduciary relationships follows a universally acceptable maxim. Kant further argues that people have free will and thus have the ability of follow the law based on reasonable virtues rather than self interest. As such, Kant requires business managers to treat other stakeholders as ends, rather than means to an end. Following this argument, it is evident that the management at the town council treated James as a means to a greater end. Additionally, Kant argues that a business enterprise is part of the moral community. Like the stakeholder theory, Kantian ethics proposes that for moral reasons, all the genuine interest of all stakeholders must be upheld if a business practice is to be considered moral (Bowie 1999b). Making extra payments amounts to breaching the initial contract agreement. This led to misappropriation of public funds. Thus, the town council failed to uphold the interests of one of the stakeholder, the taxpayer. Using the stakeholder theory and Kantian ethics, it is evident that the management at the town council violated normative business ethics. In addition, James seems to have noted the anomaly arising from extra payment and alerted the town council, which remained adamant that the correct payment was made. The fact that the previous contract had lost James’ Company an equivalent v alue to the extra payments made, puts James in a moral dilemma. Choosing to accept the payments compensates the company against previous losses and thus increases company profits. However, according to the stakeholder theory managers do not have the moral obligation to increase company’s profits at the expense of the interest of other stakeholders. This implies that there are ethical constraints which require managers to only increase profitability through honest dealings (Hasnas 1998). Therefore, there are ethical constraints that do not allow James to accept the extra payments. In addition, Kant argues that businesses are moral communities, with stakeholders having a moral duty towards each other (Bowie 1999b). Based on this, James has a moral obligation to maintain honest dealings with other stakeholders and as such cannot accept dishonest payments. Furthermore, Kant’s categorical imperativism asserts that where there are principles that cannot be universalized, it is immoral for businesses to make exceptions for themselves (Bowie 1999b). Thus James cannot make exemptions for his business by accepting illegal payments. According to Duska (2007) parties within a business contract are bound by the contract agreement. As such, any decision that contravenes the contract is unethical. In view of Duska’s (2007), Bowie’s (1999b) and Hasnas’ (1998) assertions, James is bound by the contract agreement which is worth $ 50000. Therefore it amounts to breach of contract if he accepts extra $10000. To abide by the contract agreement, James ought to accept $ 50000 but return the extra $10000 to the client. Additionally, contractors have the right to investigate contract breaches (Summerford 2001). Thus, James should conduct further investigation to reveal the extent of the fraud to determine whether legal action is necessary. Modern business management is complicated, especially with regards to business ethics. This is compounded by the fact that societies have different ways through which ethics are perceived. In this regards, ethicists have developed numerous ethical theories, which form the basis of modern business ethics. These theories have varied assertions, but as evidenced in James’ company vs. town council case study, a business practice is only ethical if it follows laid down agreements. Thus, business managers have an obligation of adhering to established rules since most of the business failures emanate from unethical business practices. When adherence is consistent it sets precedence for successful businesses ventures. Reference List Bowie, N., 1999a. Business ethics: a Kantian perspective. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Bowie, N., 1999b. Business ethics and normative theories. [online]. Duska, R., 2007. Contemporary reflections on business ethics. Boston: Springer. Hasnas, J., 1998. The normative theories of business ethics: a guide for the perplexed. Business Ethics Quarterly [online]. Ostas, D., 2007. When Fraud Pays: Executive Self-Dealing and the Failure of Self- Restraint. American Business Law Journal [online]. Summerford, R., 2001. Reserving the right to audit the suspicious vendor [online].

Stalin2 essays

Stalin2 essays In one point in Russia a man with the name John Stalin ruled. He was supposed to be a great ruler. He had many ideas for the country, which before his rule was run in the worst of ways. What the Soviet government would like people to believe is that the government was run in a very good and organized fashion. That wanted the people to believe this idea because if they didnt follow the ideas the government had in mind. They would probably never have been as successful as they were. They would have been overthrown for sure if the peasants found out about the governments plot. Which was just to rule the country and they could careless about the peasants they only acted as if they care to get them to follow the governments laws. What I learned from other Soviet sources is that the government really didnt care at all about the peasants. They just wanted to get their support so that if they ran into any trouble at all that the peasants would be behind they one hundred percent. With this support the government realized that they had the power to expand their land and to control more people to become bigger and more powerful. SO basically all the promises that the government said they would give to the peasants was a bunch of lies in order to get their support thats all. To sum it up the government and Stalin were just trying to get the support they needed in order to get the power they needed to control more people and to get more land. ...

What Does it Cost to Attend The University of Washington - Seattle Campus?

The University of Washington – Seattle is consistently ranked one of the top public universities in the country by The U.S. News and World Report . It boasts a diverse student body and exemplary academic programs, which makes it clear why UW is on the minds of many prospective college students. Because of its popularity, UW is also one of the more competitive public institutions in the United States. At first glance, attending any college may seem overwhelmingly expensive. Even public schools like UW have a high list price. However, you can’t assume that the list price (the published cost) is what you’ll actually end up paying. Instead, pay attention to the net cost, the amount you’ll be expected to pay out of pocket. Taking into account financial aid (government aid, institutional grants, and merit scholarships), your net cost will likely be far lower than the list price. Families tend to pay different amounts because of their income, in- or out-of-state residency, and many other factors. Like at many public universities, at UW, the list price is lower for in-state students than for out-of-state students. In-state students pay $29,948, while out-of-state students pay $49,986. Most families don’t actually pay the list price, though. In general, only families earning more than $175,000 should expect to pay this figure. For students from high-income families, they may still pay less than the list price if they earn merit scholarships, or scholarships based on achievement. Financial aid greatly reduces the cost of attending college for many families. At UW, students receiving aid pay an average net cost of $22,586 in-state and $46,624 out-of-state. The price tends to vary greatly based on family income: * These numbers do not reflect any Pell Grants that families may receive. Families with an income of $0-30k often receive Federal Pell Grants, which reduce the amount of financial aid that individual institutions need to award. This is why there is a higher tuition rate for families with $0-30k vs. those with $30k-48k. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Both students receiving financial aid and those without financial need are eligible to receive merit scholarships, which are awarded based on students’ accomplishments in and out of the classroom. UW awards merit scholarships to 8.8% of students who don’t receive financial aid. The average award amount is $529, which places UW at 827th in a pool of more than 1,000 institutions analyzed with regard to merit aid generosity. The merit aid net cost for students without financial need is thus only marginally lower: $25,419 for in-state students and $49,457 for out-of-state students. That said, remember that these statistics only account for students without financial need. UW offers a handful of generous merit scholarships (discussed later in this post), but students with financial need often receive them. Many students take out government loans to help pay for college, which must be repaid according to individual timetables after graduation. At UW, 5% of students take out loans, with an average amount of $3,170 across their college careers. A high graduation rate and salary for alumni can indicate a strong return on investment (ROI) for an institution. At UW, 82% of students graduate within six years, and alumni earn an average salary of $57,700 after 10 years. Living in Seattle is expensive. The cost of living index is 204, indicating that it is over twice as expensive as the national average. Students are not required to live on campus at UW, although many do. According to the housing office , 68% of freshmen choose to live in university housing. If your student decides to live off-campus, they’ll be contending with an average one-bedroom rental price of $2,014 or a two-bedroom rental price of $2,775. Washington state’s minimum wage is currently $12. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , the average hourly wage for all workers in the Seattle-Bellevue-Everett metropolitan area was $31.42 in 2017; it’s important to keep in mind, however, that this figure encompasses professions requiring a college degree and certain levels of experience. UW offers a number of merit scholarships to students, including Academic Scholarships and UW Undergraduate Academic Excellence Awards for in-state students. These scholarships are awarded in an average amount of $4,000 for two years and do not require separate applications. UW also offers scholarships to out-of-state students, such as the Purple and Gold Scholarship (for U.S. residents only), awarded in varying amounts. Students are automatically considered for this award as well. Students should also consider applying for scholarships awarded by external organizations, many of which take into account demographics, intended majors, accomplishments, and other factors. One popular scholarship is the National Merit Scholarship, awarded to top 1% scorers on the PSAT. For more information on the opportunity, read our post: How to Qualify for the National Merit Scholarship . Many students also work part-time jobs during the year, or over the summer. Getting a job can teach students about responsibility while helping them pay for their education. Seattle is a vibrant community offering plenty of local work opportunities. If your student prefers to stay on campus, they may be able to score a work-study job, allowing them to engage with the campus community while earning a paycheck. Common campus jobs include being a library desk aide, working in the dining hall, or grading for a professor. Looking for help navigating the Financial Aid process at UW and other colleges? Our Finances tool , available though ’s Applications program, will help you compare the ROIs of different colleges, understand what you’ll actually pay, and more. Learn more today!

Promissory estoppel Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Promissory estoppel - Article Example Moreover, in the absence of the extra efforts put in by the workers, the Print UK Ltd would not have been in a position to release the book on the agreed upon date. Failure to have released the book would have proved detrimental to the profits of the Print UK Ltd. This undesirable circumstance had been thwarted, solely on account of the extra work put in by its workers. Promissory estoppel is an important remedy, provided by the law, to an injured party in a contract. It enables the plaintiff to sue the promisor, if the former acts on the promise of the promisor, who subsequently, fails to fulfil the promised benefit to the former1. Promissory estoppel, also known as detrimental reliance, is that which the promisor can be reasonably expected to initiate some action or forbearance by either the promisee or a third party. If injustice can be prevented only by the performance of a promise, then such promise will be binding. Under this precept, a promisor who influences a promisee to significantly change his stance is disallowed from refusing the binding nature of the promise, for the reason that there had been no consideration from the promisee2. In the realm of equity, the notion of promissory estoppel binds the parties to the agreements; despite the l... However, legal luminaries have contended that it can be used as a shield and not as a sword. Therefore, an aggrieved party cannot use this concept to enforce a promise3. In Williams v Roffey, the Court of Appeal held that if a party to a contract promises an additional amount to the other party to ensure the performance of the contractual obligations by that other party; then such a promise is binding, provided, the promisor receives some new practical benefit or circumvents some disadvantage4. In this case, the defendant Roffey offered the bonus amount to the plaintiff, Williams. As a result, Roffey received three benefits, from that offer to pay an additional amount. First, Roffey could ensure that Williams would not stop the work. Secondly, he could avoid payment of damages under the main contract's damages clause, which stated that he should not delay performance; and lastly, Roffey could circumvent the incurring of additional expenditure by engaging a sub-contractor5. Thus these tangible benefits that are consequent to the completion of the existing obligation represent the consideration. The Court held that the plaintiff, Williams was entitled to receive the additional payment, as promised by the defendant, Roffey6. In accordance with the decision in Williams v Roffey, the Print UK Ltd, had derived a practical benefit, on account of the completion of the work, within the deadline, by its workers. As such, circumvention of this loss is the practical benefit that had been obtained by the Print UK Ltd. This practical benefit constitutes the consideration for the existing obligations in the contract. The workers had put in quite a bit of extra effort, consequent to the promise made by the Print UK Ltd. In this connection, some important judgements,

Healthcare Marketing Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare Marketing Analysis - Research Paper Example The four Ps in this organization are well strategized to ensure that patients get the best products from the hospital. London Medical Diabetic Health Clinic offers the following products to diabetic patients. The initial product is a superior care for patients with diabetes through the utilization of glucose sensors and pumps. This ensures that patients get a standard check for their glucose levels with striking accuracy, which does not leave any room for error. The second product is the educational courses, which are offered to staffs and patients to provide them with current information and findings about diabetes (Acton, 2011). For instance, there are open days for education to the hospital fraternity, and courses that focus on stress reduction to both patients and staff. Further, there are courses like Continuous Glucose Monitoring Information and Advanced Carbohydrate Counting and Insulin Dose Adjusting. Further, there is a pharmacy within the site of the hospital, which has the entire medication and books that diabetic patients require. Furthermore, the hospital installed a facility of teleconsultation, which enables patients to access consulting services from professionals without having to go to London (Leathard, 2000). Other products include diabetes care on a regular basis, expertise on pediatric diabetes and assessment of risks for heart disease, as well as vascular checks. The prices for the services offered at this hospital are fair and affordable to patients from a wide range of economic backgrounds. The prices are also competitive, with reference to other medical facilities that are in the same locale as the London Medical Diabetic health Clinic. The consultation fees are as low as $450, and... As mentioned earlier in the text, London Medical Diabetic Health Clinic provides a comprehensive approach to ensure that patients with diabetes live normal lives, which are fulfilling. The four Ps in this organization are well strategized to ensure that patients get the best products from the hospital. London Medical Diabetic Health Clinic offers the following products to diabetic patients. The initial product is a superior care for patients with diabetes through the utilization of glucose sensors and pumps. This ensures that patients get a standard check for their glucose levels with striking accuracy, which does not leave any room for error. The second product is the educational courses, which are offered to staffs and patients to provide them with current information and findings about diabetes (Acton, 2011). For instance, there are open days for education to the hospital fraternity, and courses that focus on stress reduction to both patients and staff.Further, there are courses l ike Continuous Glucose Monitoring Information and Advanced Carbohydrate Counting and Insulin Dose Adjusting. Further, there is a pharmacy within the site of the hospital, which has the entire medication and books that diabetic patients require. Furthermore, the hospital installed a facility of teleconsultation, which enables patients to access consulting services from professionals without having to go to London (Leathard, 2000). The consultation fees are as low as $450, and this can be adjusted depending on the patient.

Plagiarism Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plagiarism - Article Example Unlike a few years ago, lecturers are today implementing more stringent measures to discourage students from indulging in plagiarism. They making efforts to sensitize students on the dangers associated with plagiarism and the repercussions one risks facing if found plagiarizing. As a result of this, many students in my other classes are vigilant and abide by the rules of plagiarism (Gilmore 73). There are a number of indicators that confirm this assertion. For instance, most lectures insist that students turn in their assignments through Turnitin. The Turnitin system detects any form of plagiarism in a paper and rejects papers that have high percentages of plagiarism. The fact that most students do well in class assignment is an implication that they avoid plagiarism because it is only those assignments forwarded through Turnitin that are marked (Gilmore 73). Despite the fact that stern measures are being implemented to discourage plagiarism amongst students, there are some students who still engage in this act. Such students ought to be punished accordingly because they are undermining the quality of education that has gone down considerably in the past few years. First of all, students who still plagiarize their work in spite of the widespread campaign against the malice should not be awarded marks for their plagiarized assignments. This is because they do not deserve the marks. Culprits should not be left at that. Their cases should be forwarded to the school’s disciplinary committee for further disciplinary actions. They should perhaps be suspended from school for some time (Gilmore 97). The punishment should be universal for students who plagiarize content above fifty percent of the entire assignment. However, percentages below 50% can be treated fairly and perhaps be awarded zero marks but their perpetrators should be exempted from suspension. There have been concerns of whether

The Taxation of Household Savings as Presented by the Mirrlees Review Case Study

The Taxation of Household Savings as Presented by the Mirrlees Review Volume 2 - Case Study Example In essence, while considering the economics of the tax system was essential in ensuring that it was effective, the commission acknowledged that approaching the tax reform from an economics perspective only would have created more problems than solutions (Mirrlees 2011, pp. v-vii). The Mirrlees review considers at length the apt method for the taxing savings. Thoughtful deliberation was applied to opinions on taxing savings normal returns (Chote 2012, p. 12). Four issues emerged in the review. The first issue was that the choice to defer consumption provided information on earning capacity. The second issue was that cognitively competent individuals were more likely to engage in a saving culture. The third issue was that taxing independent saving could have influenced the decision to pick financial saving on capital investment. This was especially true when there were credit limitations, and calculating and offsetting the full cost of the capital investment was challenging. The fourth issue was that taxing savings was likely to raise the labor supply of savers to counter to the likelihood of losing their earning capacity but who discern that, based on actual results, they did not need to save for the original reason. Or it may be that future consumption is a co mplement to current leisure (Mirrlees et al. 2012, p. 670). Mirrlees (2011, p. 283) reports that savings taxation plan plays a key role in the evaluation of the tax system. This is because it; is a characteristic of the tax base, is a determinant of tax system recognizing interpersonal differences in incomes, differentiates personal income from company profits, affect both incomes and savings, and affects saving habits. The report further recommends that savings resultant from variances in the timing of donated incomes comparative to the preferred time stream of consumption, or in time inclinations for consumption should not be taxed.

Cultural Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Cultural Evaluation - Essay Example India is a diverse country with having deep rooted traditions, culture, and religion which lives with one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Cohen (2001) once said, â€Å"India is an ancient state but a modern civilization.† Globalization has affected India and its culture. â€Å"India is particularistic, communitarians, diffuse, outer-directed culture that favors ascribed status and has a synchronous perception of time.† (Overgaard, 2010) The deeply rooted traditions and cultures within every part of India are gradually changing due to this phenomenon as well as the moral values of the country. Furthermore, the whole system within this country is affected including the caste system, karma, and the eternal religion. Due to this, India has resulted in a more modern having urbanized Indians who are living a life with the ancient tradition, culture, and values even after trying to change their living way according to the Western lifestyle. But they have kept a hold to some values, tradition, and culture such as religion which is important. According to Tarakeshwar, Nalini et al., (2003), religion is a very important aspect of culture and a crucial factor when it comes to analyzing culture and predicting people’s behavior. Moreover, India has developed itself and its values to ascribed status which is connected to particularism. They caste system would have failed, had India been a universalistic culture nation. Therefore, it is said that youth of the nation will now be self dependent, individual, cosmopolite, and they would belong to a global culture. This proves the fact that India and its culture is still Westernizing. â€Å"There is, apparently, an underlying assumption in the Indian tradition that no individual can claim to have seen the truth for the first time and, therefore, that an individual can only explicate, state, and defend in a new form a truth that has been seen, stated, and defended by countless others before

Plagiarism Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plagiarism - Article Example Unlike a few years ago, lecturers are today implementing more stringent measures to discourage students from indulging in plagiarism. They making efforts to sensitize students on the dangers associated with plagiarism and the repercussions one risks facing if found plagiarizing. As a result of this, many students in my other classes are vigilant and abide by the rules of plagiarism (Gilmore 73). There are a number of indicators that confirm this assertion. For instance, most lectures insist that students turn in their assignments through Turnitin. The Turnitin system detects any form of plagiarism in a paper and rejects papers that have high percentages of plagiarism. The fact that most students do well in class assignment is an implication that they avoid plagiarism because it is only those assignments forwarded through Turnitin that are marked (Gilmore 73). Despite the fact that stern measures are being implemented to discourage plagiarism amongst students, there are some students who still engage in this act. Such students ought to be punished accordingly because they are undermining the quality of education that has gone down considerably in the past few years. First of all, students who still plagiarize their work in spite of the widespread campaign against the malice should not be awarded marks for their plagiarized assignments. This is because they do not deserve the marks. Culprits should not be left at that. Their cases should be forwarded to the school’s disciplinary committee for further disciplinary actions. They should perhaps be suspended from school for some time (Gilmore 97). The punishment should be universal for students who plagiarize content above fifty percent of the entire assignment. However, percentages below 50% can be treated fairly and perhaps be awarded zero marks but their perpetrators should be exempted from suspension. There have been concerns of whether

Cultural Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Cultural Evaluation - Essay Example India is a diverse country with having deep rooted traditions, culture, and religion which lives with one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Cohen (2001) once said, â€Å"India is an ancient state but a modern civilization.† Globalization has affected India and its culture. â€Å"India is particularistic, communitarians, diffuse, outer-directed culture that favors ascribed status and has a synchronous perception of time.† (Overgaard, 2010) The deeply rooted traditions and cultures within every part of India are gradually changing due to this phenomenon as well as the moral values of the country. Furthermore, the whole system within this country is affected including the caste system, karma, and the eternal religion. Due to this, India has resulted in a more modern having urbanized Indians who are living a life with the ancient tradition, culture, and values even after trying to change their living way according to the Western lifestyle. But they have kept a hold to some values, tradition, and culture such as religion which is important. According to Tarakeshwar, Nalini et al., (2003), religion is a very important aspect of culture and a crucial factor when it comes to analyzing culture and predicting people’s behavior. Moreover, India has developed itself and its values to ascribed status which is connected to particularism. They caste system would have failed, had India been a universalistic culture nation. Therefore, it is said that youth of the nation will now be self dependent, individual, cosmopolite, and they would belong to a global culture. This proves the fact that India and its culture is still Westernizing. â€Å"There is, apparently, an underlying assumption in the Indian tradition that no individual can claim to have seen the truth for the first time and, therefore, that an individual can only explicate, state, and defend in a new form a truth that has been seen, stated, and defended by countless others before

Trait Theory Essay Example for Free

Trait Theory Essay As I began the process of preparing for this week’s assignments and I noticed that a great deal of emphasis was being put on personality trait testing, I have to say I was a little bit nervous as I have never really put much stock into those particular types of tests being very accurate. But after reading chapters 7 and 8 in our text Personality: Theory and Research, the article on Gordon Allport, and most specifically taking the self monitoring test myself and comparing the results given to what I already believed to be true about myself, I now have a better understanding about how these tests, along with an ability to gauge and monitor consistent patterns of behavior, feelings and thought (Cervone Pervin, 2013, p. 232) can be a valuable tool in not only a scientific setting but in gaining self awareness. I am writing this paper as a means of sharing my insights about personality trait theories as well as how these theories might help an individual gain insight into their relationships with themselves and others. I will also discuss the relationship between personality trait theories, psychoanalytic and humanistic theories and which of these are more effective in explaining human behavior. One of the largest insights I have gained through my research this week is the knowledge of the beliefs of Gordon Allport. His suggestion that the individual self is composed of the aspects that humans feel are the most essential interests me (Boeree, 2006). By breaking down those aspects into seven separate functions, which include, sense of body, self-identity, self-esteem, self-extension, self-image, rational coping, and propriate striving (Boeree, 2006), Allport developed a means to better explain where human motives derive from. As we attempt to gain a firmer grasp on our ability to improve our relationships with friends, family and the people we interact with on a daily basis, as well as a better understanding of our own personality strengths and weaknesses, we gain needed insight by studying personality trait theories. This gives us a better understanding of important areas that are key to healthy relationships. Two of those areas are communications and expectations. What we expect to receive from our relationships with others and how we communicate those expectations are vital in determining whether those relationships flourish or not. Our personality type has a great impact on both of those areas so it is important to be aware of our traits, what to build on, and what to work on letting go of. One of the main differences between the personality trait theories and the other theories we have studied thus far, such as psychoanalytic and humanistic theories, is that the personality trait theory approach individual’s differences. Trait theory seems to be more focused on measuring an individual’s personality characteristics and less focused on generalized behavior on average. I believe that the trait theory falls short of the humanistic theory in many ways, but in particular, it doesn’t seem to give as good a glimpse into how we develop the most basic of our personality traits. It also lacks in its ability to be as accurate a predictor of future behavior. In my opinion, trait theory seems to be more of a tool to put a name on certain aspects of our personality, while the humanistic theory gives us a better understanding of our personality. In conclusion, I hope that I have included in this paper a thorough description of the information I have gained through my excursion through this week’s learning resources. My goal was to give you my opinion on the differences between trait theory and the other personality theories we have studied and how important it is to be able to not only learn as much as we can about why we act the way we do, but to learn how to react differently in the future. I now believe that, through better understanding of the many different theories discussed in this course and not developing and one tracked mind, this can be accomplished. References: Cervone, D., Pervin, L.A. (2013). Personality: Theory and research (12th Ed.). Hoboken, NJ. John Wiley Sons, Inc. Boeree, C.G. (2013). Personality theories: Gordon Allport. Retrieved September 22, 2013 from http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/allport.html

Timber Products Corporation Case Study

Timber Products Corporation Case Study Lawler uses an effective strategy when entering the contracting process. He begins by setting a meeting with Richardson and Bowman for briefing on exact nature of services they require from him. He then analyzes the information given and gives his potential employers three different course of actions which they should take regarding a decision to hire him. He proposes recommending someone else, using his consultancy skills or receiving assistance from his students. Richardson and Bowman opt for the third alternative. Lawler also opts to develop an independent investigation of the plant in order to disclose the issues facing it as opposed to relying on the management to provide information on the same. He uses his students judgment skills together with his personal skills to analyze the perception of the problem from both the employees viewpoint and the consultants viewpoints. This information forms the basis of developing a report. This independent report forms gives recommendations which may solve issues facing the plant. Lawler is also careful to discuss the issues of payment with the management. He decides to charge them for three consultancy day every week in addition to expenses occurred in visits to the plant with his students. 3. Do you think Lawler faces any resistance in getting the manager and supervisor to support this effort? Why or why not? If yes, what can be done to reduce any resistance? (10 points) I think that Lawler faces challenges as far as the supervisor and manager are involved in supporting his efforts. This is due to the fact that he is an outsider to the company and these employees may be suspicious of his intentions. Employees are usually suspicious of intentions of third parties who they may view to be a threat to their careers. They are aware that there are certain weaknesses present in the plant and they may not cooperate fully for fear of being implicated in the shortcomings. In addition, recommendations are usually made at the end of the report by Lawler. The supervisor and manager are unsure of recommendations which may be made, which they may view to be a threat to their careers. Many employees also oppose organizational change due to uncertainty associated with it, which is another reason the supervisor and manager may not be cooperative for fear of change which will result as a basis of the report developed by Lawler. 4. List the problems that Richardson and Bowman see in the plant (do not include your own opinions). (5 points) There are various problems which are seen in the plant according to Bowmans and Richardsons views. One of the major problems regards safety. Employees are seen to be working in unsafe working environments where they are exposed to injury. A while back, one employee was fatally injured when working and this led to several employees quitting work in frustration. This is a problem which Bowman and Richardson aim at solving. Another problem involved employee motivation. Bowman was under the impression that employees had low morale and that they needed a motivation course to boost their motivation levels. Another problem involved the authoritative rule which was employed by one plant manager. Bowman needed advice regarding the issue of authoritative leadership by the plant manager. Richardson and Bowman hoped to use Lawlers expertise to solve these challenges facing the plant. 5. Using the open systems framework, discuss each of the following elements as related to the information in this case: (5 points for each, 35 points) A. Inputs Inputs in this case are organizational change, teamwork, motivation and human resource management. These inputs are likely to change the perception which employees have on their facility and increase their motivation levels. However, they should be involved in the process if they are to achieve the goals set. B. Outputs The output in this case is increased safety records, improvement in employee motivation and effective leadership by managers. The organizational changes effected will trigger change among organizational players and these outputs will be achieved. C. Each of the design components These will be classified into human process interventions, techno-structural interventions, human resource management interventions and strategic interventions. Human process interventions should involve team building. Techno-structural interventions should involve total quality management. Human resource management intervention should involve analyzing employee welfare, remuneration and their training. Finally, strategic intervention should involve culture change where change is effected in leadership, communication and teamwork. 6. Discuss how the elements of the system fit together or do not fit together. Use this analysis as the basis to identify problems you see in this facility. (20 points) In order to achieve higher employee motivation, employees should be effectively remunerated and trained. This forms the basis of the first problem since the system does not fit together. In the facility, employees are not effectively trained and they work for longer hours hence low morale. In order to achieve a clean safety record, employees should have safety clothing and equipment. These elements do not fit since in the plant, employees do not have access to these clothing and equipment and the ones present are of low quality. It is therefore difficult to achieve a good safety record hence the fatality in the plant. In order for an organization to enjoy effective leadership, the democratic leadership style should be employed. In the case study, the authoritative style is used and hence the system does not fit and forms the basis of the leadership problems facing the plant. The management should implement changes which will be discussed below in order to ensure that the system compo nents fit and organizational goals are met. Some of these changes include human process interventions, techno-structural interventions, human resource management interventions and strategic interventions. 7. Chapters 9 and 12 through 22 present OD interventions. Which interventions do you believe are applicable in this case? Explain. (15 points) There are several OD interventions which should be applied in order to solve the issues which arise in the case. These will be classified into human process interventions, techno-structural interventions, human resource management interventions and strategic interventions. Human process interventions should involve team building where employees should be taken to a serene environment where they can interact with each other and with their managers. This will improve their motivation and communication with top leadership. Techno-structural interventions should involve total quality management. This is the improvement of all processes in the fir to achieve goals of all stakeholders. When TQM is implemented, safety issues and leadership will improve since the goals of all stakeholders will be taken into account. Human resource management intervention should involve analyzing employee welfare, remuneration and their training. When employees are well trained, remunerated and their welfare improved, they will have high motivation levels thereby solving the problem of low morale. Finally, strategic intervention should involve culture change where change is effected in leadership, communication and teamwork. This will motivate employees and they are likely to give higher output. 8. Lawler has employed you as on OD practitioner to assist with this project: A. Who should be involved in the initial feedback meeting? (5 points) The initial feedback meeting should involve the two organizational leaders who hired Lawler to undertake investigations into the issues facing the plant. It should also involve Lawler and the OD practitioner. All other parties should be involved in later stages in order to safeguard the investigations and prevent sabotage or interference in the investigations by employees and manager who may oppose organizational change. B. How should Lawler describe the sources of the information? (hint: issues of confidentiality) (5 points) Lawler should not disclose the individual sources of information and should present them as employees and managers. This is due to the importance of confidentiality in such a process. Confidentiality is the major factor which enabled Lawler to gain trust from employees and receive feedback on various issues. If their identities are given away, they may not be cooperative in future. The management may also sabotage the process through intimidating employees who are perceived to have given adverse details or comments. C. Write an outline of the feedback session Dr. Lawler will use to make the presentation (15 points) a) The first stage involves conveying a meeting with Bowman and Richardson, the OD practitioner and I. This meeting should be convened at a time which is convenient to all parties involved and it should be held in a confidential location. b) The second stage is providing a summary of the report developed. This report should dwell on different issues facing the plant from the perspectives of both the employees and consultants. Individual names of employees and managers who provided the information will not be disclosed. c) The third stage is providing a diagnosis of the problems facing the plant. These problems which range from safety issues, poor leadership from the plant manager and low employee morale will be discussed in detail. Evidence in support of the same will also be provided. d) The fourth stage is providing recommendations on steps which the management should take to deal with the challenges experienced. These will range from increase in employee remuneration and decrease in working hours to increase motivation, improvement in safety equipment and clothing as well as applying other non-financial means of motivation. e) The fifth step is explaining the various stages of implementing these changes. There is also the need to involve employees and managers in this process in order to ensure effectiveness. Employees and managers who totally oppose the changes should be sacked since they will be barriers to achievement of these goals. f) Finally periodic evaluations should be done to ascertain the effectiveness of the changes. The management will be encouraged to user tools such as employee feedback to assess whether the changes have achieved goals intended including improvement of safety, leadership and increase in employee motivation. D. How do you think meeting participants will react to the information presented? Can anything be done to temper or diffuse these reactions? (5 points) Participants are likely to embrace the report developed since they hired Lawler to develop solutions to problems they experienced. The initial meeting with four members is likely to beg for time to discuss the report and is not likely to reject the findings. However, managers and employees may reject findings owing to the normal opposition to organizational change earlier discussed. The management should hold dialog with employees and managers to sensitize them on the benefits of the report in order for them to embrace it and participate in implementing the recommendations.

Love and Marriage in Gallants The Other Paris Essay -- Mavis Gallant

The Other Paris Love waxes timeless. It is passionate and forbidden and a true head rush. Marriage, on the other hand, is practical, safe, a ride up the socioeconomic ladder. In "The Other Paris," Mavis Gallant weaves the tale of Carol and Howard, a fictional couple who stand on the verge of a loveless marriage, to symbolize the misguided actions of the men and women in the reality of the 1950s, the story's setting. By employing stereotypical, ignorant, and altogether uninteresting characters, Gallant highlights the distinction between reality and imagination and through the mishaps and lack of passion in their courtship mockingly comments on society?s views of love and marriage. Gallant typecast both Carol and Howard as ordinary young people, and like typical human beings, both have faults and beliefs that follow the accepted practices of society. As all women of a certain point in life (if that certain point can be said as the age of ?twenty-two?), Carol frets incessantly over her age, being ?under the illusion? that very soon she would be ?so old? that no man could possibly want her. Here, Gallant ridicules the standards of age and beauty expected by society from women like Carol, a thing common even in a more open and accepting world like today?s. Like her peers throughout time, Carol is pressured not only by her friends or parents but also herself to get a man while she able to attract someone much more suitable than that ?medical student with no money.? Her vanity and fear of ending up old and alone embodies societal views toward spinsters as women pining away in some dingy corner. Likewise, Howard also has the same pride as men now. His sister?s caution and unwelcome prediction that he will soon be just ?a... ...and approval. In the end, readers are unsure whether to laugh or cry at the union of Carol and Howard, two people most undoubtedly not in love. Detailed character developments of the confused young adults combined with the brisk, businesslike tone used to describe this disastrous marriage effectively highlight the gap between marrying for love and marrying for ?reason.? As a piece written in the 1950s, when women still belonged to their husbands? households and marriages remained arranged for class and money?s sake, Gallant?s short story excerpt successfully utilizes fictional characters to point out a bigger picture: no human being ought to repress his or her own desires for love in exchange for just an adequate home and a tolerable spouse. May everyone find their own wild passions instead of merely settling for the security and banality of that ?Other Paris.?