Expressions of Quantity Quiz

Competency Based Education Has Changed Throughout The Last...

Competency-based Education Jasmine Noble Indiana University Abstract Competency based education is a widely used method of education that focuses on guiding students to and by predetermined outcomes. This paper will focus how competency based education has changed throughout the last decade, as well as how it can be implemented to day. I will follow the research done by Anne Mette Morcke, Tim Dornan, and Berit Eika on how outcome based education effects student education. To show evidence of the usefulness of competency-based education I will tie in behaviorist theory as well as self-worth, and ability. Keywords: Self-worth, competency—based education, outcome- based education, outcomes Competency-based Learning A†¦show more content†¦In this paper I will summarize the thoughts of Morcke et al, explain my point of view, and provide evidence on how this method can be useful in a high school setting. Outcome (competency) based education article summary Morcke, Dornan and Eika, composed an article about the origins, theoretical basics and empirical evidence of competency-based education. Morcke states that outcome or competency based education is guided education based upon predetermined outcomes. Competency based education has been around and used sporadically for the last decade. Competency-based education arose from the educational changes that were a result of the space race in the 1960’s. This basis of this type of education first arose from behaviorist theories. Following the lead of the likes of B.F. Skinner and Bloom competency theory followed the idea that teaching should or could be based solely on observable behavior. This idea was both criticized and agreed with by many. A large critic of competency-based education was Stenhouse; who argued that predetermined goals would not be effect in teaching. He believed that using this method of education one was not easily able to specify goals or asses the progress of stu dents. Stenhouse also argues that the correct or best way to educate is to draw the knowledge from the students, not train students. Competency- based education was reformed in the 1980’s by Spady and Harden who named it the performance-based

St. Augustine’s Confessions Free Essays

During his time, St. Augustine wrote thirteen autobiographical books entitled â€Å"Confessions†. The book tells how St. We will write a custom essay sample on St. Augustine’s Confessions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Augustine life was changed from living a sinful life to his conversion to Christianity. After studying the Confessions by St. Augustine, several parallelisms can be seen between the said autobiography and the Old and New Testament of the Christian Bible. Parallelisms do not appear only within the text but as well as in structure and format. One of the major parallelisms that can be seen between Augustine’s Confession and the Bible is the pattern or way of developing each stage or part of each one. The Bible started by the creation of everything perceivable by the human senses. On the other hand, Augustine’s Confession started by telling the story of Augustine’s childhood, his birth. Thus, Augustine’s birth symbolizes the creation in the first of book of the Bible, in the book of Genesis. The development of Augustine’s Confessions also followed the same trend as the Bible. The first eight books of the Confessions told the story of Augustine’s life from infancy to living in sin and then, finding his way to God. The story of Augustine’s infancy can be related to the story of Adam and Eve in the Old Testament. As an infant, Augustine knows nothing of sin, innocent as Adam and Eve were in the beginning. Then, Augustine was exposed to the world along with its sinful desires that causes Augustine to live a life afar from God, just as Adam and Eve after eating the fruit of knowledge of good and evil. Augustine continues to live his life following the desires of the flesh until he sees hopelessness without God. This part of Augustine’s life somehow reflects the Old Testament. The Israelites continued to sin causing them to reach the promise land in a lot longer time. The later part of the Confessions can also be linked to the New Testament. Augustine was Christianized that also symbolizes rebirth, rebirth in his attitudes and views of life just as the New Testament signifies the birth of Christ, the one who is to save the people. The dark ages in Augustine’s life can be viewed as the Old Testament wherein the people lived in sin. On the other hand, Augustine’s conversion can be viewed as the New Testament wherein God provided salvation and a new birth. Thus, it can be noticed that the transition of events in the two books are also similar to each other: the conversion of Augustine to Christianity and the incarnation of Jesus Christ. Consequently, it can be said that the first part of the Confessions, like the Old Testament speaks of past events: the birth and early life of Augustine and the creation in the Old Testament. The last parts of the two books are also connected; they both speak of future events. The last part of Augustine’s Confessions stated the eagerness of Augustine to interpret the inner meanings and messages of the Bible. He ended the Confessions by referring to the Sabbath, the seventh day when God rested. Augustine refers to the Sabbath figuratively that can also be interpreted as the final rest of the soul in the presence of God, the eternal life. In the same way, the Revelation or the last book of the New Testament speaks of things to come in a metaphorical sense. Thus, it can be concluded that both the last part of the two books are to be viewed in a metaphorical way in order to understand its true meaning. The Revelation was full of symbolisms in the same way as the last book of the Confessions. Both leaves the readers time to reflect and to search for the true meanings and essence of the text in their own way. Both in the Old and New Testament of the Bible, God reveals himself to man through angels, visions and others because of the inability of man to reach Him. In the same way, Augustine sees God through the life of his mother: through her actions and advice. Both show the inability of man to reach to God in their own way and thus, it was God providing man the means of understanding and obeying Him. Another similarity is that the Bible was comprised of different books (67 books in all) that also include several chapters. In the same way, Augustine wrote several books of which each were named by their order, that is, Book 1 to 13. Each book of The Confessions is also divided in to chapters that are similar to the chapters of the books in the Bible. Thus, it can be said that parallelisms indeed occur between the Holy Bible of Christianity and the Confessions by St. Augustine both within and outside of the text. It can also be said that most Christian literatures of the contemporary time follows the same format as the Confessions in which the original pattern can be rooted to the Bible of Christianity. How to cite St. Augustine’s Confessions, Papers

Operations Management Value in Goods and Services MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Operations Management for Value in Goods and Services. Answer: Introduction: Hot rolling production is the process of converting metals into finished products through the use of heat. According to research, human being had little knowledge about using machines to convert metal into other products hence they used their hands and skills to shape the metal like iron into different forms and shapes. Due to the revolution of technology, skilled labors have moved from using their hands to craft the metals to using technology such as melting and use of high temperature to turn metal into designs and shapes for sale. Operation Management is the process of managing and controlling the process of conversion of raw materials to finished goods. Operation management utilizes the personal experience and skills plus the knowledge collected to effectively manage the company. The hot rolling production line main objective is to convert the metal into different designs and shapes to make profit Gaither (2009). Operation management is the process which allows the hot rolling company to easily conduct their business operation smoothly from getting the raw material to the production of the finished goods. The metal rolling industry has been affected by technology over the years. Globalization has also led to the arise of so many challenges in the industry like competition and close substitutes. The operation of the industry must be reviewed to come up with strategic ways of dealing with ways to deal with the external factors affecting the business Preston (2011). The hot production industry has three main department which help in the management of the company. The departments include the Finance, Operations and Marketing. The Finance department ensures the company has all the financial resources it requires in the production lifecycle. The Operation is the main department which deal with the production of goods and services in the company. They supervise and make sure the production process has all the right resources to produce quality goods. The operation department control and plan all the business activities taking place. The marketing department is responsible for promoting the products to the potential customers. The department has access to the consumers hence they collect information regarding the consumers need and promote the goods according to the consumers needs. The feedback they get from the consumers enable them to improve the services they offer to the consumers Chapman et al. (2017). Metal is utilized for different exercises like vehicle make, making family unit things like seats, tables, entryways and windows, airplane and watercraft maker among numerous different items .The hot moving generation line manages metals with temperatures higher the recrystallization temperatures to deliver an assortment of metal items (Dixit, and Dixit, 2008). The items have a long life and are prescribed by many individuals. Moving points in diminishing the thickness of metals to items things of different sizes by going it through moves under various presentation to temperature. The metals are made to have a thickness which is uniform in this way guaranteeing same items are indistinguishable and alluring to clients. In the operation administration, there are numerous things which are operated by the chiefs. Safeguarding of future requests is recognized to guarantee that the levels of creation are controlled and there is no surplus or shortage. The quality is checked in this level of various fabricated things and the directors' checks adjustment to the clients' needs .The level of stock is observed at this stage and the ideal level is kept up for accommodation in the generation procedure. The representatives in this are confronted with a persevering situation as the work requires vitality and mischances are high. Supervisors have the obligation to inspire the representatives to have resolve in employment execution handle Gaither (2009). All ventures are confronted with many difficulties which must be put into thought by chiefs as they help in accomplishing the business objectives .The steel or metal division has many difficulties, for example, high expenses of the crude materials making the net revenue underneath. Innovative changes which can render an organization obsolete when not put into thought .The organization may deliver items that don't meet the requests of client in this way need showcase for its products. The clients have high tastes and inclinations as far as quality and the administrations that a firm offers to them. These makes the business cause fetched in research and different approaches to make clients cheerful Geng (2007). Operation administration is both and craftsmanship and science which is utilized to empower the change of the crude materials into completed products that are prepared for the clients utilize. The reason it is a craftsmanship and science is on account of uses both the individual information about generation and the educated learning .The hot moving creation line goes for changing over metal into different items by utilization of the temperature. At first, the individuals had no learning of utilizing machines to makes items from iron yet they utilized their abilities which speak to the component of craftsmanship to create different metal things. However, because of mechanical changes, new strategies have been produced which are utilized to change over metal or steel into different products for deals. The strategies incorporate dissolving of temperatures under temperatures to make it into things of one's decision. The operational administrator is in charge of overseeing and supervising execution every one of the exercises to guarantee required outcomes are come to fulfill the client needs. He arranges exercises that the firm will be occupied with creating. It is essential with the end goal of any firm to be known before the initiation of business .Individuals and machines to do the exercises are distinguished to help in execution exercises and meet set due dates. He sorts out how things are done, coordinates the generation of items and in the long run controls the degree to their execution of exercises. Every one of these procedures guarantee the objectives and targets of the association are accomplished Heizer (2009). Metal is utilized for different exercises like vehicle make, making family unit things like seats, tables, entryways and windows, airplane and watercraft maker among numerous different items .The hot moving generation line manages metals with temperatures higher the recrystallization temperatures to deliver an assortment of metal items (Dixit, and Dixit, 2008). The items have a long life and are prescribed by many individuals. Moving points in diminishing the thickness of metals to items things of different sizes by going it through moves under various presentation to temperature. The metals are made to have a thickness which is uniform in this way guaranteeing same items are indistinguishable and alluring to clients. In the operation administration, there are numerous things which are finished by the chiefs. Gauging of future requests is recognized to guarantee that the levels of creation are controlled and there is no surplus or shortage. The quality is checked in this level of various fabricated things and the directors' checks adjustment to the clients' needs .The level of stock is observed at this stage and the ideal level is kept up for accommodation in the generation procedure. The representatives in this are confronted with a persevering situation as the work requires vitality and mischances are high. Supervisors have the obligation to inspire the representatives to have resolve in employment execution handle. Hot rolling principle goal is to make life simpler for its clients. The organization's items are intended to serves diverse statistic profiles. The showcasing additionally considers individuals clients of various financial status. This operation system has helped the brand to flourish and get a greater client share the brand ponders it clients and utilize distinctive methods to catch everybody's consideration. The promotion is the significant showcasing strategy utilized by the organization. The ads are intended to include new items been discharged in the market. The commercial is utilized to gage the client's impression of the item and through this they can know how the item will perform in the market. The Hot rolling operation administration has strategized by detailed a few arrangements which includes creating items that will catch the consideration of the buyers. This is the primary period of this technique. Once the organization has caught the consideration of the customers by the new line of item now they concentrate on how they will make the c rowd get intrigued by obtaining the item. Since the memory of the item is still crisp the organization now goes for keeping up a similar quality standard that they can achieve which will for the most part be founded on the devoted customers they pick up from the start of the item. The principle target of the operation administration is to keep Hot rolling steady and dependable. The organization is steady when the profits of the benefits surpass the operation expenses of the item. The operation administration group guarantee the items are performing admirably in the market. They make the organization solid by making top of the line items and the extras promptly accessible for the costumer to keep them happy with the item. The operations administration likewise guarantees high caliber of the item, usability of the item as far as capacities and employments. This will give clients fulfillment when they get the item. The other goal of the operation administration group is to build deals and the benefits of the organization. Expanding deals is through publicizing to the potential customers and keeping up great relations between the purchasers and the organization. The operations group must keep up the organization's notoriety high as one of the main suppliers of computerized media. The organization has represented considerable authority in broadening of items they have accomplished this in little scale as well as in huge scale. They have worldwide customers everywhere throughout the world .The are referred to for advanced media as well as in design arrange, semi-conductors, broadcast communications, computerized apparatuses and globalization. In computerized media there is a considerable measure of rivalry henceforth to keep Hot rolling stable the group has connected diverse advancements and plan on their items to make them one of a kind yet at the same time quality. The group has not just built up their item through innovative work additionally centered on business administration and generation keep up the benefit of the organization Elmaraghy (2012). Hot rolling has branches in most significant urban communities on the planet. This is showcasing system of achieving numerous clients in their own usual range of familiarity. They alter their items as per the clients require. Their item targets distinctive efficient class of peple.They have items for everybody in the general public and that is the fundamental reason hot rolling does well on the planet. Not at all like different organizations like Apple that make costly items cant which a few purchasers manage. This how hot rolling has flourished with its expansion of item and keeping up great relations with the buyers. Hot rolling delivers hard product and furthermore its parts of which it helps it pick up preferred standpoint over its rivals by pitching this segments to them. Some portable organizations depend and purchase the part from hot rolling designers Atzeni (2009). Hot rolling ebb and flow operation methodology incorporate Research and advancement, Procurement, Manufacturing, coordinations, deals, and after administrations. In innovative work Hot rolling has devoted around 10% of its income to innovative work. Just about 33% of its worker work in the innovative work to concoct new market patterns and plans to set new benchmarks in the market. Examine has demonstrated that Apple spend around 3 % of its income in research henceforth Hot rolling for the most part rely on upon the examination to remain in front of it contenders. In acquisition the organization outsources its generation to China where the work is modest. The organization decreases work cost which lessens the cost of creation. They then offer the items at market cost thus giving them a decent overall revenue. This empowers them to be aggressive in the market regarding expenses and deals. Most Hot rolling items are less expensive than different brands in the market because of this operation methodology. In assembling the organization has flourished because of capacity of understanding the market, mirroring and enhancing the contender's item. Hot rolling has been known for impersonating its rivals' items however reinforce and enhance the item beating the contenders unexpectedly. They can fabricate items rapidly and can make incremental enhancements on items inside a brief timeframe Dilworth (2012). All ventures are confronted with many difficulties which must be put into thought by chiefs as they help in accomplishing the business objectives .The steel or metal division has many difficulties, for example, high expenses of the crude materials making the net revenue underneath. Innovative changes which can render an organization obsolete when not put into thought .The organization may deliver items that don't meet the requests of client in this way need showcase for its products. The clients have high tastes and inclinations as far as quality and the administrations that a firm offers to them. Most models or iron characters require designs with extraordinary capabilities and awesome execution on account of their slant of their work. Diverse reasons for living like the IT client would require a computer with a not too bad processor and speed and enough memory to store data for their client. Hot rolling has isolated their things by making different hot rolling designs striking in a particular segment or shape. The hot rolling has awesome hot rolling designs optics both in the front and back camera for an unmistakable shot. The phone was made to check certain market or was expected to target solitary specialists. Hot rolling goes with countless, which you can download from the hot rolling Google store or get an arrangement of free organizations gave in the Hot rolling Hub. These components have made steadiness to the brand since the proprietor of the hot rolling designs can get to the organizations to no end. The parts and the unfathomable applications can create loyalty and reliance on the client therefore every time they require a hot rolling they will look for a Hot rolling universe. These are the mental components affect the Hot rolling customers. These makes the business cause fetched in research and different approaches to make clients cheerful. Ecological issues additionally have brought limitations on the business as laws have been set up to shield nature from contamination. Business conflicting with the laws implies gigantic fines from lawful activities or their conclusion. At long last, the reality of the matter is that metalworking is a workmanship and science which is picking up notoriety among the general population as it produces quality things. The metal things are expanding created as they are solid and can be utilized as a part of all regions of operation. These division has given a considerable measure of work to both gifted and non-talented representatives henceforth enhancing individuals expectations for everyday comforts. The metal business is aggressive as there are various changes and firms needs upper hands over the contenders for survival. Directors must be imaginative and creative to think of one of a kind items or apply methodologies like blue sea system to pull in more clients' or dispose of rivalry in the market Jayadevan (2010). As demonstrated by Maslow's levels of leadership of necessities, a Hot rolling is a necessity in the human life. Due to the revolution of technology, skilled labors have moved from using their hands to craft the metals to using technology such as melting and use of high temperature to turn metal into designs and shapes for sale. Operation Management is the process of managing and controlling the process of conversion of raw materials to finished goods. Operation management utilizes the personal experience and skills plus the knowledge collected to effectively manage the company. The hot rolling production line main objective is to convert the metal into different designs and shapes to make profit. The industry uses outdated methods of communication, marketing and advertising. Technology has revolutionized the mode of business. The metal rolling industry uses outdated methods to market their product through print media and posters. There new methods of communication which the company can adapt to increase their sales volume. The research was conducted through the use of questioners and use of survey to get more information about the company. Questioners were used on the staff members to collect more data about the operation of the company. The use of questioner had it limit since some of the employees especially the handy men had no education background. It was hard communicating and also filling the questioners. They also felt threatened by the question we were asking them in the field. This hindered the process of collecting data. Using surveys. The use of surveys was a good method of collecting data. The survey was conducted on different people who include the employee of the rolling mill, the consumers and the residents near the company. The survey indicated that the rolling mill had not improved on their marketing and operation strategies. The company still used the traditional methods of marketing has affected them due to globalization and the emergence of new technology. The clients also gave back feedback about the products. The products were of high quality but they still used the same designs on their products. The company should come up with creative designed to satisfy the customers needs. The residents complained about the noise and air pollution caused by the company. They also said that the company produces the same finished products hence they are not motivated to look for new products Pycraft (2008). To answer the research question, we will use practical experiment to resolve the issue affecting the industry. The issue affecting the industry are using outdated material of communication and marketing and lack of strategic goals and objectives. The objective of the experiments is to show the company how the use of technology can help them increase the sales volume and attract more customers. We will use technology to advertise the products to the consumer. We recommended the company to use social media to market their products. Social media provides a platform where the business can interact with the customer, showcase their design and get feedback. Due to globalization, new companies have emergence which has led to the increase in competition and reduction in the profit margin. We recommend the company to offer discounts offer after-sale services such as free delivery to the consumers location. The rolling meal should come up with creative designs to attract more customers. To col lect data form the consumer we need questioners which are easy to comprehend. We have to formulate surveys and questioners for the customer to give us the feedback on the progress of the rolling mill Krajew (2009). Surveys and questioners are easy to formulate and distribute them. The survey also provide detailed information about the customers needs. The questioners also helped the organization to come up with new operation method. The rolling mill management was able to access potential customer through the internet and especially the social media platforms Wild (2008). The experimental and correlation design will help the company achieve its objectives. The survey and the questioners will help the organization to tap the potential market which can led to the increase of sales. However, there are some barrier which hindered the data collection method. The challenges include lack of proper communication from the field agents and the employees, lack of proper tools of marketing and adverting .The Company also has remained with the same designs of the final product of the rolling mill. The questioners were not answered according and some people refused to take the survey. This led to incomplete data collection from the field. Some of the Ethical issues that we came across include lack of proper communication where the employees thought we were investigator or government agents. The questioner also asked questions to the employee about their company which not every worker gave us the answers Heizer (2007). Groups Effect on performance P-Value AVS B 5.12 0.235 AVS C 2.35 0.002 BVS C 3.75 2.350 According the table, group A performed better than group B and C .Group B also had achieved their goals since they performed better than Group C but group A performed best. Group A had the best performance since they followed all the requirement of their task. Group A and B average performance was higher compared to group B and C. Group B and C average performance was also better compared to group A and C. This means that A had performed best followed by B then C. Duluth, (2008). References (2007). Plant operating management. Duluth, Minn, C.D. Skillings, (2008). Skillings' mining review. etc.]. Association Of Iron And Steel Engineers, Association Of Iron And Steel Electrical Engineers (U.S.). (2009). Iron and steel engineer. Pittsburgh, Association of Iron and Steel Engineers, etc.]. Heizer, J., Render, B. (2007). Operations management. Upper Saddle River, N.J., Pearson Prentice Hall. Krajew, O. (2009). Operation management and strategy: analysis. [Place of publication not identified], Prentice Hall. Institute Of Metals, American Society For Metals, Metals Society. (2010). Metals abstracts. London, England, Metals Abstracts Trust. Gaither, N. (2009). Production and operations management. Belmont, Calif, Duxbury Press. Iron And Steel Institute. (2008). The Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute. London, The Institute. YIN, R. (2011). Metallurgical process engineering. Beijing, Metallurgical Industry Press. International Conference On Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable And Virtual Production, Elmaraghy, H. A. (2012). Enabling manufacturing competitiveness and economic sustainability: proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual production (CARV2011), Montreal, Canada, 2-5 October 2011. Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Preston, R. (2011). American steel: hot metal men and the resurrection of the Rust Belt. New York, Avon Books. Cooper, D. (2012). Improving safety culture: a practical guide. New York, Wiley. Hashmi, S., Batalha, G. F., Van Tyne, C. J., Yilbas, B. S. (2014). Comprehensive materials processing. Oxford, Elsevier. Chapman, S. N., Arnold, J. R. T., Gatewood, A. K., Clive, L. M. (2017). Introduction to materials management. Geng, H. (2007). Manufacturing engineering handbook. New York, McGraw-Hill. National Institute Of Industrial Research (India). (2010). The Complete technology book on hot rolling of steel. Delhi, India, National Institute of Industrial Research. Bureau International Du Travail. (2008). Safety and health in the iron and steel industry. Geneva, International Labour Office. Singh, R. V. (2011). Aluminium rolling: processes, principles applications. New York, N.Y., McGraw-Hill Education LLC. Krajew, O. (2007). Operation management and strategy: analysis. [Place of publication not identified], Prentice Hall. Atzeni, P. (2009). Conceptual modeling: ER 2004 : 23rd International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, Shanghai, China, November 8-12, 2004 : proceedings. Berlin, New York. Heizer, J., Render, B. (2009). Operations management. Upper Saddle River, N.J., Pearson Prentice Hall. Rausch, P., Sheta, A. F., Ayesh, A. (2013). Business intelligence and performance management: theory, systems and industrial applications. London, Springer. Mahadevan, B. (2010). Operations management: theory and practice. Upper Saddle River, Pearson. Russell, R. S., Taylor, B. W. (2008). Operations management: focusing on quality and competitiveness. Upper Saddle River, N.J., Prentice Hall. Wild, R. (2008). Operations management: text and CD-ROM. London, Thomson Galloway, R. L. (2009). Operations management: the basics. London, International Thomson Business Press. Rastogi, M. K. (2010). Production and operation management. [Place of publication not identified], Laxmi Publications. Dilworth, J. B. (2012). Operations management: providing value in goods and services. Fort Worth, Tex, Dryden. Pycraft, M. (2008). Operations management. [Cape Town], Pearson Education South Africa.

Back to the Future free essay sample

The film is based on Shakespeare’s romantic comedy, The Taming of the Shrew, but has been made to be understood by people in the 90s. America has made some huge technological advances since the 17th century. Technology plays a huge part in our life from the internet to even the movies. The film explores the ideas of dating, individualism and trust. In contrast to The Taming of the Shrew, 10 Things I Hate About You was created to encourage female independence and control, a huge event in American history that effected the way both of them were written. Even though , the film still results to traditional views on dating and the archetypal â€Å"knight in shining armour† that every girl should find. With previous sexist views aside, and further use of the five elements of fiction writing; plot, characters, setting, theme and style, The Taming of the Shrew has been transformed into a teenage classic, in the form of 10 Things I Hate About You. We will write a custom essay sample on Back to the Future or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Dating; an unavoidable element of teenage life, often something teenagers feel pressured into doing. This is no different in 10 Things I Hate About You. The film is set in a 1990s American high school, Padua Stadium High School. The use of setting by the writers of the film, Karen McCullah Lutz and Kristen Smith, are effective in expressing the obsessions 90’s teenage American’s had with labelling their relationships. In The Taming of the Shrew (created in the 1500’s), marriage is a union of relationship that the contextual society obsessed over. In 10 Things I Hate About You (released in the late 1990’s), this has been appropriated, and dating has become a form of relationship that everyone obsesses over, especially in high school. Dating is shown as a result of peer pressure, Bianca constantly states, â€Å"I’m the only girl in school that doesn’t date†. She feels pressured by her friends, and the boy that is constantly asking her on dates, to â€Å"fit in† to teenage culture. The setting, representative of the context of the film, and theme of dating constitute the basis of the plot of 10 Things I Hate About You. The film tells the story of the Stratford sisters, Michael explains â€Å"It is a widely known fact that the Stratford sisters don’t date†. Bianca desperately wants to date, but is only allowed to when Kat does. Kat doesn’t want to date, so Bianca and Cameron attempt to find someone to take Kat on a date, Patrick. The plot of the film reaches its complication when Kat discovers that Patrick is being paid to go out with her. This is resolved after they apologise to each other, and the film finishes stereotypically happy. The films plot borrows heavily from that of The Taming of the Shrew, following a similar structure and timeline. The plot is simple, but achieves its desired result†¦ entertainment. The value of individualism is another theme explored intensely throughout the film, journeying through various forms and perceptions of individualism. The character that the journey is taken through is Kat. Kat is a very strong, independent and externally confident young woman. She is cynical about many things, and does not believe she needs to conform to the vapid teenage culture that surrounds her, maintaining, â€Å"You forget I don’t care what other people think†. She particularly dislikes her sister’s willingness to fit in and tells Bianca, â€Å"You don’t always have to be what other people want you to be†. The characterisation that occurs within the film is directly linked to the extreme individualism that Kat portrays, and how it evolves as her relationship with Patrick does. Kat is the protagonist of the text, with nearly every other character appearing to be an antagonist or foil to her perfect â€Å"I don’t give a crap† world. It is evident from the opening scene of the movie, a low angle shot of Kat’s beaten up car and loud punk rock, non-diegetic music originating from it, that Kat doesn’t fit in, and appears to not care. The style of film that Gil Junger has created is not un-unique to the teenage romance genre, a fairy tale ending with bumps along the way. The tone is mainly happy, but becomes serious, as Kat doubts herself and her individualism when she gets closer to Patrick. Kat’s individualism is a representation of the freedom available to women of the western world (America, Australia, majority of Europe) in the 1990’s, oppression from a patriarchal society no longer a key issue. The fundamental elements of relationships are common themes explored in Shakespeare’s works, and their appropriations. Just as The Taming of the Shrew investigates the importance of loyalty, 10 Things I Hate About You reconnoitres trust in relationships. The film shows evidence of both trusting relationships, and untrusting relationships. Trust is one of the major themes within the film, expressing the advantages of maintaining it within relationships. Representative of the discriminatory attitudes held towards teenagers, Mr Stratford’s lack of trust for his daughters is disappointing; as it limits the opportunities Kat and Bianca have for life lessons and chances to have some fun. The lack of trust he possess for his children is highlighted when they wish to go to a party, and before sending them off he states, â€Å"No drinking, no drugs, no kissing, no tattoos, no piercings, no ritual animal slaughters of any kind. † Mr Stratford assumes that his daughters will engage in stereotypical â€Å"teenage† activities, and has absolutely no confidence in their judgement. Trust forms the platform for all of the lasting relationships within the film – Kat and Patrick, Bianca and Cameron, Mr Stratford and his daughters. In conclusion, the culture and context of 1990’s America influenced the appropriation of The Taming of the Shrew, to become 10 Things I Hate About You. The increase in female freedom and independence impacts heavily on the portrayal of females in the film, resulting in a film that explores themes such as trust, the value of individuality and dating. The film strays away from its misogynistic basis (The Taming of the Shrew) and strives to entertain the audiences for which it is intended, 1990’s American teenagers, by portraying common problems they would be experiencing through another perspective.

Plato Aristotle Comparison Essay Essays

Plato Aristotle Comparison Essay Essays Plato Aristotle Comparison Essay Essay Plato Aristotle Comparison Essay Essay Justice is the subject which has been the chief topic of most philosophers ; a speedy definition for justness could be the quality of being just and sensible. A batch of philosophers have written on this topic and have had arguments. Two of the most important 1s are Plato and Aristotle. who are two prima figures of ancient Grecian civilisation and both thought about justness and established theories about the facets of being merely. Plato was a pupil of Socrates. and Aristotle was a pupil of Plato. Aristotle studied under Plato and remained in his academy for 20 old ages in Athens but left the academy after Plato’s decease. Aristotle and Plato had different doctrines about many topics like justness and unfairness. the map of worlds. truth. the human psyche. art. and political relations. Get downing with Plato ( 427 BC-347 BC ) one of the most of import philosophers of the universe and the laminitis of â€Å"The Academy† . Plato’s most celebrated work is â€Å"The Republic† in which he draws the qualities of a merely single and a merely metropolis province by explicating the empyreal nature of justness. His beliefs of happening justness in an person will necessitate happening it in the perfect metropolis ( which consists of people ) . His major inquiries that were pursued in the remainder of his work were: â€Å"What is Justice? † And â€Å"is one better off or happier being merely instead than unfair? † Plato faces a state of affairs where he raised a inquiry and he has several replies provided by several traditions. and he besides has a new reply of his ain. Aristotle ( 384-322 BC ) is one of the laminitiss of modern Western idea with Socrates and Plato. He was tutored by Socrates’ pupil Plato. subsequently became really effectual in the advancement of the thought of scientism and scholastic political orientation. Aristotle in his celebrated work â€Å"The Nicomachean Ethics† explains the virtuous and superior nature of justness where he claims that justness can intend either lawfulness or fairness. since unfairness is lawlessness and unfairness. In his sentiment. Torahs push and inspire people to move morally so. the merely individual who by definition is lawful. will needfully be virtuous. I am traveling to compare how these two philosophers compare and contrast when it comes to their ain political theories sing the ideal province and how to specify justness in it. To compare the political theories of two great philosophers of political relations is to first analyze each theory in deepness. Plato is regarded by many experts as the first author of political doctrine. and Aristotle is recognized as the first political scientist. These two work forces were great minds. They each had thoughts of how to better bing societies during their single life-times. It is necessary to look at several countries of each theory to seek the difference and similarities in each. Both philosophers had common points and some differences. get downing with Plato. where in the beginning of his conversation with Thrasymachus ( Plato. The Republic. Page 19 ) . the latter defines justness as â€Å"what is the involvement of the stronger party† . Socrates goes on to rebut this definition by stating that the stronger party can be at mistake sometimes. and a swayer can do errors. One of the inquiries that Plato pursued in his work was the one proposed by Thrasymachus who suggests that the chase of opportunism or unfairness wages better than that the chase of justness. Socrates provinces that the unfairness would make dissension and failing alternatively of strength. He says that unfairness causes jobs and weakens the group â€Å"†¦ whether it occurs in a province or household or ground forces or in anything else: it renders it incapable of any common action because of cabals and wrangles. and sets it at discrepancy with itself and with its oppositions and with whatever is just† ( Plato. The Republic. page 38 ) . The best. rational and righteous political order leads to the harmonious integrity of a society and allows all the city’s parts to prosecute felicity but non at the disbursal of others. Plato showed what justness is in the province and so in the psyche. He drew a province in which all basic demands are met. The Guardians consist of non-ruling Guardians and governing Guardians. The non-rulers are a higher degree of civil retainers and the opinion is the society’s policy designers. Aides are soldiers and civil retainers and eventually the workers who are most normally unskilled labourers. The Guardians are to be wise and good swayers. It is of import that the swayers who arise must be a category of craftsmen who are public-spirited in disposition and skilled in the humanistic disciplines of authorities countries. The defenders are to be placed in a place in which they are absolute swayers. They are supposed to be the choice few who know what is best for society. Equally far as political relations. he stated in the Republic that philosopher swayers who possess cognition of the good should be the governors in a city state. Plato’s governing political orientation is briefed as the â€Å"rule of the best man† . the philosopher male monarch who entirely knows the ideal criterions for the province. Besides. opinion is a accomplishment ; as the best adult male must be trained to govern. Opinion is besides an flawlessness. Aristotle’s governing doctrine can be summarized as the â€Å"rule of the best laws† – a good ordered fundamental law which entails good administration. For him. although opinion is a accomplishment and an ideal every bit good ; it is besides a scientific discipline ( although Aristotle understands political relations as a normative or normative subject instead than as a â€Å"purely† empirical or descriptive enquiry ) . Plato believed that each adult male is better by lodging to one business in which he excels in. â€Å"Social justness purposes at advancing the good of the metropolis as a whole ; it does that by spliting societal labours and by delegating optimum societal maps to all the citizens equally† ( Gerasimos Santas. Goodness and Justice Plato Aristotle and the moderns page 103 ) . Plato valued the accomplishments of all people. and believed that the perfect polis would be one in which every citizen would make his portion harmonizing to his abilities. and there would be no alone Markss between the rich and the hapless. Plato’s ethical ideal of the successful running of the metropolis and the internal harmoniousness of the citizen who runs it is the chief ethical purpose. Plato maintains a virtue-based eudemonistic moralss. His theoretical account of the merely province was one where all the parts map for the benefit of the whole. and the whole benefits the parts. â€Å"His first statement is that the matching of citizens to their optimum societal maps makes possible and preserves the other societal virtuousnesss and the good they promote† . ( Gerasimos Santas. Goodness and Justice Plato Aristotle and the moderns page 90 ) . Harmonizing to Plato moralss is a signifier of cognition. it is the cognition of measuring of short-run and long-run effects. Plato besides appealed to a theoretical account of harmonious operation by stating that the psyche has its divisions merely as the province does. He develops the position that being a good individual in an ethical sense involves accomplishing internal harmoniousness of the parts of the psyche. Basically what Plato wants to accomplish is a perfect society. Justice in the psyche is similarly a affair of each portion of the psyche executing its ain and proper map. An person is wise in the virtuousness of ground opinion in him and weather in the virtuousness of the spirited portion playing its function. An person is temperate if his inferior bodily appetencies are ruled by his ground. And justice belongs to its entire ordination. Furthermore. the merely adult male will seldom be except in the merely province. where at least some work forces. the hereafter swayers are consistently educated in justness. But the merely province can non perchance be except where there are merely work forces ; Plato brings the ideal of the philosopher male monarch. Aristotle. differs from Plato here in the manner that he is non concerned with honing society. he merely wants to better on the bing one. Rather than bring forth a program for the perfect society. Aristotle suggested that the society itself should better to accommodate the best system ; hence he relied on the logical maneuver. â€Å"Utopia† ( Plato’s perfect metropolis ) is an abstract solution because there is no existent cogent evidence that all societies are in demand of all that change like Plato wanted. Aristotle discovered that the best possible has already been obtained. All that can be done is to seek to better on the bing 1. He disagreed with Plato’s point of â€Å"each adult male ( or groups ) sticks to one occupation. he thought that thought of one category keeping stoping political power will non ensue positively. The failure to let circulation between categories eliminates those work forces who may be ambitious. and wise. but are non in the right category of society to keep any type of political power. He quotes â€Å"It is a farther expostulation that he deprives his Guardians even of felicity. keeping that felicity of the whole province which should be the object of legislation† what he is stating is that Guardians sacrifice their felicity for power and control. and those defenders who lead a rigorous life style like that will enforce that sort of life style on their society. Both Plato and Aristotle have a common point when it comes to justness. For both. the terminal of the province is ethical ; as justness is the footing for the ideal province. For Plato. the person and the province are one. as they both have a three-party nature of which justness is the consequence of a sound balance of these three parts. Aristotle asserts that the city state ( polis ) comes into being for the interest of life. but exists for the interest of the good life. It is chiefly about justness bing in an nonsubjective sense. or in other words. a belief that the good and merely life should be available for all persons no affair how high or low their societal position is â€Å"In democracies. for illustration. justness is considered to intend equality. in oligarchies. once more inequality in the distribution of office is considered to be merely. â€Å"says Aristotle. Plato sees the justness and jurisprudence as what sets the guidelines for social behaviour. Aristotle said. â€Å"The people at big should be sovereign instead than the few best† ( Edward A. Hacker. Aristotelean logic. p 92 ) . Plato would neer let the full public engagement in authorities as Aristotle would wish. Harmonizing to Plato public judgements of blessing and disapproval are based on belief and non on cognition ( Edward A. Hacker. Aristotelean logic. p 96 ) . Aristotle’s moralss are based on his position of the Universe. He saw it as a hierarchy in which everything has a map. The highest signifier of being is the life of the rational being. and the map of lower existences is to function this signifier of life. Harmonizing to him. justness must be distributed proportionally. For case. a seamster and a husbandman can non interchange apparels for nutrient. since apparels and nutrient are non of equal value. Aristotle’s equation of justness with lawfulness can make a job since Torahs can be unfair excessively. However. he refutes this thought once more by dividing political justness from domestic justness. â€Å"The map of the jurisprudence is to put down sound and balances principals of character-formation. in the visible radiation of which it should be the map of educational pattern to habituate assorted sorts of people. each in different ways. to forbear from greed and thereby arrive at an equalisation of desires† ( W. Von Leyden. Aristotle on equality and justness. his political statement p 82 ) . Harmonizing to him. although political justness and domestic justness are related. they are besides distinguishable. Political justness is about Torahs since â€Å"justice exists merely between work forces whose common dealingss are governed by law† ( The Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle. book 5. portion 6 ) . So. political justness is governed by the regulation of jurisprudence. while domestic justness relies more on regard. Therefore. Aristotle says â€Å"the justness of a maestro and that of a male parent are non the same as the justness of citizens† ( The Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle. book 5. portion 6 ) . Aristotle regarded the construct of justness as necessary to fulfill societal equality. But he besides wanted to reason that justness is based on a background of Torahs and regulations. Aristotle begins to specify justness by stating that â€Å"we observe that everyone agencies by justness the temperament which makes us actors of merely actions. that makes us make what is merely and wish that is merely. † ( The Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle. book 5 chapters 1 ) . The remainder of Aristotle’s process in his effort to specify justness is explicating the merely actions in footings of Torahs. Therefore the unfair individual is the 1 who doesn’t follow the jurisprudence ( improper ) . which is where his two definitions of justness come from. The 1st 1. â€Å"general justice† identified with what is lawful in our behaviour ; the 2nd one â€Å"particular justice† that is identified with the distribution of award and wealth. Plato and Aristotle had really different positions about the maps of the human. Plato refutes the thought that backs that unfairness is better than justness. He argued that unfairness was non really helpful for puting up a theoretical account metropolis. Virtue for the theoretical account metropolis was derived from the persons populating in the metropolis and their capableness to carry through their maps. He defined human map as opinion. thought. life. and taking attention of the intents attributed to each in a metropolis. He defined a person’s intent in relation to his place in the society and his being in relation to a community. Aristotle argues about the method to accomplishing ultimate good by seeking for felicity by every individual individual. He believed that felicity or the chase of it was the ultimate terminal. and people worked their manner to accomplish the ultimate terminal which is felicity. Happiness. harmonizing to him. was attained if one fulfilled one’s grounds. intents. significances. and looks in the best manner possible. His positions focused on the person instead than a society or community as a whole. He had a more individualistic point of position. Aristotle disagrees with Plato on another thought. Plato’s worldview rendered the stuff. physical universe less of import than the kingdom of thoughts and abstractions. Harmonizing to him. the universe we see around us consists of imperfect transcripts of the ideal versions of the same things that are accessible to us merely through our heads. and hence our clip is better exhausted contemplating the better. â€Å"real. † abstractions than their blemished manifestations. Aristotle does non portion this worldview. but I will non acquire into this thought. Their doctrines were different from each other in many topics. but the most of import doctrine which sets the distinction is the human intent. Plato believed in a community or society as one and the map of worlds in relation to it for accomplishing a theoretical account society. Aristotle was more individualistic and believed in single felicity as the chief map of worlds and their accomplishment by being first-class in what they did and therefore organizing a theoretical account society or metropolis. Although. Plato and Aristotle agree on the construct of an ideal province. they still disagree on deeper issues as Aristotle distanced himself from Plato. who was his wise man. at some point. Plato and Aristotle constructed two Utopian province theoretical accounts in which in order to supply justness the opinion power is given to a philosopher male monarch ( in Aristotle’s theoretical account ) or a category of philosopher Guardians who are able to bring forth better cognition ( in Plato’s theoretical account ) . But instead than giving the governing power to an elite. in order to supply justness we could raise merely kids who will be merely citizens in the hereafter. Plato’s doctrine tends toward the metaphysically inordinate. He is non bound by pragmatism or theoretical account. but allows his imaginativeness to roll into theoretical countries most people today would disregard as irrelevant and unrealistic. His political doctrine. for case. is Utopian. He sets for himself the undertaking of conceive ofing the ideal manner to construction and regulate a society. and ends up with an impressively imaginative and luxuriant strategy. but one that tolerates small resemblance to how human existences of all time have or likely of all time will interact politically in the existent universe. Aristotle’s doctrine is much more grounded in pragmatism and common sense and logical. He’s more about depicting the universe as it is than traveling excessively far in the way of theorizing about how it should be. In contrast to Plato’s Utopian political doctrine. Aristotle’s political doctrine has a big constituent of descriptive political scientific discipline. When he does reason for certain political strategies. they tend to be positive betterments on bing systems. Plato and Aristotle have a batch of differences in both manner and stuff. but what they have in common is that both are still being read presents. and still are inspirational and they both challenge philosophers and pupils all over the universe. Beginnings used: 1- The Republic: Writer: Plato Published by: Penguin Classicss 2- The Nicomachean Ethical motives: Writer: Aristotle Published by: Penguin Classicss 3- Goodness and Justice. Plato. Aristotle. and the Moderns: Writer: Gerasimos Santas Published by: Blackwell Publishers 4- Aristotle on equality and justness. his political statement: Writer: W. Von Leyden Published by: Macmillan 5- Aristotelean logic: Writer: William Thomas Parry. Edward A. Hacker Published by: State University of New York. Albany.

China's population policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

China's population policy - Essay Example 2. China would face numerous environmental downfalls if they did not enact the population growth policy. The more space that people take up, the less room there is available for farmland and forests, which are vital to the food production of society. Plants and animals become extinct as their homes are torn up to make room for more people. The waste and pollution that come from people would increase, which would affect the habitats of plants and animals. Urban areas would continue to expand, depleting natural resources that humans depend on, such as drinkable water and fossil fuel (Putten, 2010). 3. The greatest benefit that could come of China’s population growth policy is that there would simply be more of everything. There would be more space for people. There would be less need to cut down forests, so there would be more wildlife. Fewer plants and animals would risk becoming extinct. There would be more resources available to everyone; when there are more resources, not only do people not have to worry about surviving, but there would be a greater amount of resources to go around. Also, epidemics would be fewer, there would be less overwhelmed social services, such as health care and education, and fewer people living in poverty. China could become an even more dependent country if they lost the risk of losing their resources to overpopulation. However, a major downfall of China’s policy is that it could lead to an aging population because not enough children are being born (Greenhalgh, 2008). As such, despite the condition they currently are in, China has the potential of facing underpopulation. In the case of underpopulation, they would have too many resources, yet not enough people to pay to for them. 4. China’s policy could scientifically impact the population due to some of the medical procedures undergone to make sure that women do not exceed giving birth to

Budget and financial analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Budget and financial analysis - Essay Example It is common knowledge that obesity especially among the children has immediate as well as long-term impact on the lives and health of the affected population (Gollust, etal, 2013). For instance, there is high risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes as well as joint problems. The organization will require exactly $15,000 as a startup capital for the obesity eradication program. This money ($15, 000) will come from the three administrators of the organization (Nurse, Dietitian and Social worker) inform of donation. Healthy Neighbors Center was lucky to get sponsorship in form of donations not exceeding $4000 per month from a local based organization called Kick Out Obesity. Since the organization has limited financial sources as at its start up the organization will look for various avenues of increase its revenue stream. The company will begin by incorporating an online payment option to allow individuals subscribe to the programs, make donations, and buy articles as well as videos concerning healthy behaviors that can reduce or prevent childhood obesity. The income received from the administrators as well as the donations will be used to acquire office equipment, furniture, computer, telephone, stationary, personal digital assistance (PDA), website design, staff expenses, administrative supplies, office space, and training materials. In order to operate obesity suppression programs online the organization will contract a company to design a website where users can make donations and subscribe to the diverse obesity eradication programs online. Considering that, the organization is not for profit the administrators will not claim refund of their investment apart from salaries, which will be reviewed upwards after the first 2 years operation. For the first year of operation, the administrators accepted to earn bonuses rather than salaries

The Relationship between Ornament and Light in New York City Assignment

The Relationship between Ornament and Light in New York City - Assignment Example This paper examines the association between light and ornament as two significant elements of architecture by critically examining the case of New York City. Moreover, the paper also assesses the perspective of whether light can be classified as an ornament by studying architectural examples across New York City. The significance of ornaments in architecture is reflected in their cultural value and the manner in which the placement of ornaments aids a viewer to establish a relation with the surrounding.2Moreover, the placement of an ornament also allows the beauty of a building to be communicated to the viewer.3In this case, the role of an ornament is to essentially convey a message regarding the architectural figure and represent the meaning of the building through its addition. In the realm of modern and innovative architectural progress, the utilization of three-dimensional ornaments has essentially established a vivid association between light and ornament. As noted by Strehlke and Loveridge, the integration of three-dimensional ornament permits the viewer to receive multiple messages regarding the figure through the presence of light and shadows on a range of varied angles.4 This notion establishes the significance of light within the context of ornaments and also suggests that light can serve a purpose which is similar to that of ornamentation in terms of fulfilling a decorative objective or conveying a specific message to the viewer. In this regard, light can be categorized as an ornament itself because it meets the objectives of ornamentation in an effective manner. In the case of New York City, the use of light as a form of ornament conveys the true meaning and essence behind the cultural heritage, diversity and spirit of the city. The primary example which highlights the vibrancy and effervescence of New York City is reflected in the

Abraham Lincoln The Man That Changed America History Essay

Abraham Lincoln The Man That Changed America History Essay This one man was able to fight for, work for, and love his country so much that he single-handedly brought about changes that had previously only been dreamt of. This astonishing individual accomplished more in 30 years than most men do in their entire lifetime. Perhaps one of the most remarkable men in the history of the United States, Abraham Lincoln changed the course of our history forever. On February 12, 1809, Nancy Lincoln gave birth to a son, whom she named Abraham. This child, named after his grandfather, was born in Hardin County, Kentucky. Abraham had two siblings, Sarah, who was two years older, and Thomas, who was three years younger. However, Thomas, Abrahams only brother, unexpectedly died shortly after birth. The Lincolns were not a significantly wealthy family; they lived in a log cabin, and Thomas Lincoln worked very hard for every cent he earned. In fact, Thomas had to take on two jobs, farming and carpentry, in order to support his family. Partly on the account of slavery, but chiefly on the account of the difficulty of land titles in Kentucky, Thomas Lincoln moved his family to Pigeon Creek, Indiana. (Lincoln Bicentennial). In 1716, after buying property, Abraham helped his father with much of the work involved in settling into this 160-acre piece of land. Just two years after the move, in 1818, the Lincoln family suffered yet another tragedy when Abrahams mother died from contaminated milk. Just a year after Nancys death, Abrahams father remarried a widow, with three children of her own, by the name of Sarah Bush Johnston. Abraham and his stepmother grew very close, and she treated him as if he were her own child. She encouraged him to grow in his knowledge and understanding of things, and was said to have started his childhood education. (Burns). Although Abraham had previously gone to school for a couple of months, he never had any inspiration to learn until he received this encouragement from his stepmother. If one put all of Abrahams schooling together, one would find that he received less than one year of actual school in his entire life. This means that Abraham Lincoln had so little education, that he could be considered a completely self educated man. He showed a special interest in books and reading and knew his Bible very well even though he never attended church. At the age of 19, Abraham Lincoln had grown into a man of 64 and was stronger than anyone in town, leading to his first job offer. The offer came from a man by the name of James Gentry, and it was to bring a shipload of cargo to New Orleans. After delivering the cargo, with James Gentrys son, on a boat Abraham had built by hand, James was amazed by Abrahams incredible skill and reliability. He asked Abraham to work in his local store, and Abraham jumped at the opportunity to make some more money. While working there, he would often hear men speak of politics; this sparked an interest, which slowly grew to a flame, in young Abraham. During this time, however, Abrahams sister, Sarah, died giving birth to a child, causing much grief in his life. Soon after her death, Abrahams relatives wrote his father, saying how greatly efficient and productive the soil in Illinois was. This inspired Thomas Lincoln to once again move his family to a different part of the country. (Lincoln Bicentennial ). This time however, Abraham did not stay with his family for very long. Instead, he went up to New Salem, Illinois, and life on his own had finally begun. Between 1831 and 1832, Abraham tried various occupations, and learned very much, including the basics of mathematics. However, when the Black Hawk War began, Lincoln was one of the first to enlist in the American militia. Abraham never saw any action personally, but he was still elected captain of his company. He served his men as best as he possibly could until the war ended, just a couple months later. Once safely back in New Salem, Abraham took on the job of postmaster, and was placed in charge of the local post office. As word of this honest, hardworking, and diligent man spread throughout Salem and the surrounding towns, Abraham acquired the nickname Honest Abe. During this time, Abraham learned more grammar and began to develop a formal and proper way of speaking. He decided to run for state legislature, ultimately beginning his political career, but lost to one of his rivals. This defeat did discourage Abraham Lincoln, but rather, drove him to persevere, strive for excellence, and be the best he could be. In 1834, Abraham made a second attempt at politics, and once again ran for state legislature, only this time, he won. He was representative of the state of Illinois and gained the approval and trust of many of his fellow countrymen. After he won the election, he took up the study of law. With his love of debating, storytelling, and reading, he found his calling in law and politics. (National Museum of American History). While he was a lawyer, Abraham Lincoln grounded his principles and opinions, especially those on slavery, making this an extremely pivotal point in his life. Lincolns years as a lawyer influenced his character, and that character eventually influenced our nation. (Kalantari). His ability to ease the witnesses, as well as the entire atmosphere of the courtroom, made him a great lawyer. For the next 25 years, Abraham served as a lawyer aside from his political career. The men and women of Illinois held such affection for Abraham Lincoln that they re-elected him three times over the next six years. In 1840, just after his third re-election, Abraham proposed to a woman by the name of Mary Ann Todd, whom he had met the year before. After breaking up and getting back together, they finally got married in November of 1842. Less than a year after their marriage, Abraham and Mary welcomed their first baby boy into the world, and named him Robert Todd Lincoln. For the next two years, Abraham not only continued to serve as state representative, but he also showed devotion to his family, proving himself to be a great father. In 1846, Abraham and Mary conceived yet another child who they named Edward Baker Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln enjoyed his time as the representative of Illinois, but it was not long before he realized that he was capable of much more. Impelled by this realization, Abraham ran for U.S. representative in 1847, at the age of 38. He won the election, but served in this position for only one term. Once this term ended, Abraham fell back on his career as a lawyer, and continued to study law books. For the next five years, Lincoln devoted much of his time to studying the issue of slavery as well. (Lincoln Bicentennial). During this time, however, Abrahams son, Edward, died at the young age of four. The Lincoln family took his death very hard and later learned it had most likely been due to a bad case of tuberculosis. In that same year, Mary gave birth to a third son, named William Wallace Lincoln. His birth guided the family through the struggle, and helped them to move on. Just three years later, in 1853, the Lincolns had yet another son, who they named Thomas Tad Lincoln. Their sons brought Abraham and Mary great joy, and Abraham was said to be a very loyal and committed father. In 1854, Abraham was again elected as state representative; however, he resigned in order to run for the U.S. senate. During his campaign, he gave a speech declaring the United States would either become all free or all slave because a house divided against itself cannot stand. It was after this debate that Lincoln received his first considerable national fame. (Abe Lincoln). Despite his national fame, Abraham lost this election. Undeterred, he made yet another attempt at the U.S. senate, in 1858, however, he was once again out-voted. Two short years later, Abraham Lincoln took the biggest step of his political career. That year, 1860, Abraham jumped at the opportunity to run for president of the United States. Not sure if he would make it or not, Abraham was campaigning against some of the top competitors in the country. After a long, hard, and stressful run, Abraham was finally elected the sixteenth president of the United States of America. Almost immediately after his election, southern states began to drop out of the union, angered by the new anti-slavery president. Eleven states ended up dropping out, and their anger eventually turned to violence in 1861, marking the beginning of the Civil War. The North fought for the abolition of slavery, and the South fought for keeping slavery. As the war raged on, Abraham Lincoln continued to fight for the right of all men as equals. Not only was Abraham fighting to free the slaves, but he was also fighting to reunite the North and the South. He believed that in order to stand, the United States had to join together as one country, instead of being a split nation. As the war neared it ´s third year, Abraham Lincoln issued one of the most important documents in history: the Emancipation Proclamation. The Proclamation declared that  ´all persons held as slaves within the rebellious states are, and henceforth shall be free ´ (National Archives and Records Administration). This document aided the northern states in the war by: allowing blacks to fight for the union army, redefining the civil war as a war of freedom, and strengthening the union soldiers mentally. The Emancipation Proclamation is quite possibly the greatest document of human freedom. (National Archives and Records Administration). As the war continued to be fought, Abraham ´s fourth year as president came near, and the time for elections came around. In 1864, Abraham Lincoln was re-elected as president of the United States. He continued doing his presidential duties just as well, if not better than before. A year after his re-election, Abraham and his wife went to see a show in Ford ´s Theatre, Washington, D.C. Around 10:00 p.m., an actor by the name of John Wilkes Booth entered the presidential booth, and shot Abraham Lincoln in the back of the head with a pistol. Abraham survived through the night, but died around 7:30 the next morning. Booth, motivated to kill President Lincoln due to disagreements on slavery, escaped, but was found and shot a few weeks later. Abraham ´s death only motivated more people to fight for the freedom and equality of all men and women alike. The very same year he died, the Civil War came to an end with the South surrendering. Due to Abraham Lincoln ´s perseverance and willpower, slavery was abolished, and America was made a free country. America ´s future had been set on a new path. The old life was thrown away, and a new chapter had begun for all Americans, black and white. Abraham accomplished more in his last few years than one could even dream to accomplish in an entire lifetime. Abraham Lincoln, one of the most extraordinary men to ever live, changed the future, lives, and hearts of Americans forever.

brady bill :: essays research papers

Brady Law Falsehoods The Brady law has received much credit for the country's rapidly dropping crime rate. Yet with the Supreme Court striking down the laws background check requirements, it faces its ultimate test. If gun control advocates are correct, the court's decision will unleash a new crime wave. The Justice Department continually releases "new" studies crediting the law with reducing crime. Actually, the downward crime trend started in 1991, well before the Brady law became effective in March 1994. My research shows that this decline is in great measure because of higher arrest rates and more states allowing law-abiding citizens to carry concealed handguns. Others estimate that the Brady bill had a much smaller effect on gun sales than the 100,000 rejections its proponents claim. Last year the General Accounting Office reported that initial rejections numbered about 60,000, and more than half were for purely technical reasons, mostly paperwork errors that eventually were corrected. A much smaller number of rejections, 3,000, were due to violent crime convictions--and presumably many of these people just proceeded to buy a gun on the street. Brady law backers have focused almost exclusively on the value of background checks, the one part of the law that the Supreme Court specifically struck down. Yet there never was much controversy over this issue: When Congress debated the law, no one, not even the National Rifle Assn., opposed background checks. The dispute was over a five-day waiting period versus an "instant check." Ultimately, the success of background checks and waiting periods must be judged by their impact on crime. To seriously evaluate their impacts, however, one must recognize that other legal changes also occurred. For example, during 1995 and 1996, 10 more states adopted nondiscretionary concealed handgun laws. In the belief that concealed handguns deter crime, 31 states now grant permits automatically to citizens who have no significant criminal records or histories of major mental illness. In all 31 states, more people now carry legally concealed handguns. Considerable evidence supports the notion that permitted handguns deter criminals. Polls show that there are at least 760,000 and possibly as many as 3.6 million defensive uses of guns per year. In 98% of the cases, people simply brandish weapons to stop attacks. This is further reflected in the different rates of "hot burglaries," where a resident is at home when a criminal strikes. In Canada and Britain, both with tough gun control laws, almost half of all burglaries are "hot.

Legoland’s main target market is families with young children

The families would enjoy a great day out while having fun with there children. The young children will have lots to do as the park is really based around them. Legoland has over 50 fantastic rides and attractions. Families with older children would not prefer Legoland, as they would not gave a fun day compared to, if they went to Thorpe Park. Thorpe Park is a thrill park and would excite them a lot more then Legoland. This is mainly because this is not the age group Legoland has targeted. Only one or two rides would attract the older children compared to nearly all the rides at Thorpe Park. Thorpe Park mainly attracts people from the age of 12 upwards as it is a thrill-seeking park. Young couples again would not have such a great time here purely because the park does not appeal to them. However they can enjoy some rides and have photos as most rides have ride photography. But Thorpe Park would be a better option, as they would enjoy themselves a lot more, with better thrill seeking rides. Legoland's nearest competitor would have to be Thorpe Park but they are two totally different parks as Legoland is aimed at 3-12 year olds where as Thorpe Parks target market is teenagers and adults. Thorpe Park is basically a thrill park as all the rides are quite intense. Some of the intense rides are the Colossus, Nemesis Inferno, Quantum, Detonator and Rumba rapids. The prices between Thorpe Park and Legoland are quite similar but a 14 year old for example would much prefer spend there money at Thorpe Park as it is better value for money for over 12's. Thorpe Park Legoland Adults- à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½26.00 Adults- à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½22.95 Children- à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½19.50 Children- à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½19.95 Seniors- à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½17.00 Seniors- à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½16.95 Legoland is a unique park because it is the only park that offers something for younger children in the Royal Borough and is probably the best known in the UK. The closest family park to Legoland is Beavers Park inside the Pleasure Beach at Blackpool and also Paulton Park in New Forest. Paulton's Park is situated in a beautiful parkland setting of 140 acres with colourful gardens, sweeping lawns and a horseshoe shaped lake. It is a place full of fun, action and excitement. There are a variety of things to see and do for all ages. There are 40 different rides and attractions, fast and slow, wet and dry. Some of the features on offer are the Family Roller Coaster, Raging River Ride, Tiny Tots Town, Kids Kingdom, Clock Maze and there are many more. There are not a lot of comparisons between Legoland and Paulton Park. Paulton Park has fewer rides then Legoland though, but only by a few. Paulton Park is not advertised as much as Legoland and Paulton Park is not well known as Legoland in the UK. Legoland has also a better catchment area then Paulton Park. Legoland is very close to London, the capital of England also only 12 miles away from Heathrow airport. Also Legoland has many attractions nearby as it is situated in Windsor, which is a very popular tourist attraction. Paulton Parks catchment area is Bournemouth, Southampton and Brighton. Poulton Park is not commercialised enough. There are not a lot of improvements needed for Legoland as it is a very successful company and appeals to there target market very well. They are probably the best family park in the UK. To increase visitor figures they could build a couple more rides that would attract more teenagers. Maybe a thrill ride, this will attract a much wider range of people to Legoland. They could also make more rides to expand the park and make their customers day longer and more special. NEW FOREST LOCATION The New Forest is situated in the Southern part of England. A superb family holiday destination, flanked by the sea-faring cities of Portsmouth, Southampton and the town of Poole. New Forest extends to the South coast and the Isle of Wight. The New Forest has 93,000 acres of woodland and open-land brimming with wildlife. It is the largest un-enclosed area in Southern England, with ponies, donkeys, cattle, pigs, deer's and more roaming freely. There are a lot of activities that you can take up when you're at New Forest; the activities include horse riding, camping, walking, cycling and water sports. New Forest was set aside as a special place over nine centuries ago by William the conqueror. When you enter New Forest today, it appears that you're going backwards in time. The landscape is unique and traditions exist here that are unchanged since medieval times. New Forest is well known as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). The catchment area for New Forest is quite good with a few major towns and cities nearby. Major towns and cities within two hours of New Forest are Bournemouth, Southampton, Brighton, Windsor, Bristol, Dover and London. The District has a resident population of 171,000, distributed between six main centres and many small villages. As in most rural communities there is considerable concern to maintain the unique quality of life, including not only the attractiveness of the area but also local services. Populations: Bournemouth- 163,444 One-Hour Drive of New Forest Southampton- 217,445 Brighton- 247,817 One and a Half Hour Drive of New Forest Bristol- 380,615 Windsor- 133,626 Two-Hour Drive of New Forest London- 7,172,091 Dover- 104, 566 Visitor Breakdown Millions enjoy the New Forest each year. The majority of visits are by local people within the district, this is approximately 10 million a year by the locals. A further 3.5 million are day visits from further afield and 2.5 million are visits by people staying overnight in the area. They come primarily for fresh air, recreation and peace and quiet. The New Forest also has many features and attractions for visitors. I think New Forest is suited to every age group. Some of the top attractions include Paulton's Park, Art sway, New Forest Cider Farm, Setley Ridge Vineyard, Cal Shot Castle and possibly one of the most popular reasons for visiting New Forest is the beautiful wildlife. Paulton Park is a place full of fun, action and excitement. Children would just love it here, with lots to do. It is very similar to that of Legoland in Windsor. There are 40 different rides and attractions, fast and slow, wet and dry. Some of the features on offer are the Family Roller Coaster, Raging River Ride, Tiny Tots Town, Kids Kingdom, Clock Maze and there are many more. Art Sway attracts many visitors who are interested in the modern day art designs and paintings. New Forest Cider Farm and Setley Ridge Vineyard are the ideal places to buy and experience how and where wine is grown, produced and bottled. The main target here is at the adults, it gives them a chance to buy and taste freshly brewed alcohol. Whilst on your visit to New Forest there is a great chance to visit one of Henry VIII's monuments, the Cal Shot Castle. Visitors have the chance to get right up close with the animals, as there are wild ponies and goats roaming free in the wild. The forest offers a number of centres with different animals on show, with Europe's largest gathering of multi-specied otters and owls. There are two beautiful sites you can visit they are Wildlife Park and also Longdown Activity Farm. There are a lot of activities that you can take up when you're at New Forest; the activities include horse riding, camping, walking, cycling and water sports. ACCESS Visitors can come to New Forest by car, rail and sea. By Road The road links for New Forest are excellent with the M3 and M27 providing access from London and the South East. If you are travelling from the Midlands you have the benefit of the M40 and A34. By Rail You can get to the New Forest from all over the country by train. There are over 130 stopping trains a day at Brockenhurst, which is on the mainline from London Waterloo, this is a one and a half hour journey. By sea Wightlink Ferries operate frequent services from the Isle of Wight to Lymington. P&O European Ferries operate services from Le Havre, Cherbourg and Bilbao. Brittany Ferries run services from Caen, St Malo and Santander. By Air The major London airports, Gatwick and Heathrow, are less than 100 miles away. Just outside New Forest there are Southampton and Bournemouth International Airports. These are easily accessible via good rail and coach connections.

My Antonia and Huckleberry Finn Essay

Characters from various books that may or may not have anything to do with one another can be similar and different in many ways. Huckleberry Finn from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain, and Antonia Shimerda from My Antonia by Willa Cather are similar in a variety of ways, however they have important differences. Huckleberry Finn is always ready to go on any type of adventure with his best friend Tom Sawyer. Also, the pair are extremely superstitious. Huck is discriminated against for a myriad of reasons. Some being, he is the son of the town drunk, so the adults frown upon him. Because of his father’s lifestyle he is basically an orphan, he has to find his own food, clothes, and a place to sleep. He also does not attend church or school. Opposite to that, the boys of the town envy him for his freedom and lack of discipline. The Widow Douglass who lives in town offers Huck a place to stay. She says he can live in her house, and with the money from the treasure he and Tom found she would be able to support him. Tom encouraged Huck to take advantage of this offer while he could. This was a hard decision for Huck to make because he is not willing to give up his independence that he is accustomed to. He lives with the widow for a short period of time then decides he enjoys being on his own and is willing to face the hardships of life by himself to maintain his freedom. Antonia Shimerda is extremely generous and optimistic. Through the hardships of immigrating to America from Bohemia, her father committing suicide, and her fiance leaving her before they get married, and at this time she is pregnant, she never looses hope. She looks for the best in every situation and tries to find a solution for everything. Everyday she has to face racial and gender discrimination. She is judged brutally by the townspeople because of her love for dance. Her and her family, which now consists of her mother, brothers and sisters, have to face the difficulties of life after the death of their father along with the difficulties of living in a new country. Her and her family are living in poverty, and are trying extremely hard just to survive. Later, Antonia works as a servant. Her boss does not like her habit of attending the dances she enjoys going to. He threatens to fire her if she continues to attend these dances. She loves her independence too much to let someone take it away. So she works for a brutal boss and suffers so she can have her independence and go to her dances. Huckleberry Finn and Antonia Shimerda have many similarities and differences. They have very different characteristics, however they both face many hardships, discrimination on a daily basis, and they both value their independence a lot that they would rather live harder lives so they can be independent.

Common Cold essays

Common Cold essays A common cold is an illness caused by a viruse Infection located in the nose.Colds are also involved in the sinuses,ears,and the bronchial tubes. the common cold is caused by any of a number of virusesthat can involve the upper repiratory tract.As your body reacts against the attacking virus you get the symptoms of a cold including nasal congestion,sneezing and shiffles. the best strategy for treating a common cold is to start treatment as soon as there is the recogntion thar a cold is begining and continue treatment on a regular basis until it appers that the cold is over (3-7)days. the other symptoms of a common cold including sneezing, runnynose, nasal odstruction,sore or scratchy throat,coughing,hoarseness and mild general symptoms,like headaches. It deposited into the front of the nasal passages by conaminated fingers or by droplets from coughs and seezes. ...

Level of Empowerment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Level of Empowerment - Essay Example For such set of consumers, the pricing should be structured in such a way that does not limit them to purchase a bulky meal but offers them with options to purchase single units or deals that suit their appetites. Restaurant would have to be careful while pricing the single units and the deals because such consumers prefer low priced deals in accordance with their appetite. On the other extreme would be the consumers that crave for large quantity of food. For these consumers deals including buffets, all-you-can-eat deals and other deals which offer not only more quantity but also different options to be explored should be offered. There is a niche which lies in between these two extremes that are neither mild nor extensive food consumers, and therefore mediocre priced deals should be designed for them. It is best for the restaurant to have an ample array of food deals to be offered which are of great quality, because the larger the food and deals portfolio they have to offer the more customers will be attracted from all the segments. 2. In (b), what kinds of decision rights should be decentralized?   There are varieties of decisions that Karl would have to decentralize. Primarily, he would need to segregate the operations in different departments.

Project Management in a Changing Environment Coursework

Project Management in a Changing Environment - Coursework Example A new body of knowledge was evolved, which came to be known as Project Management. Over the years, the science of Project Management has developed enormously and many scholars and practitioners have introduced various tools and techniques to enrich it. Â  Internet, computers, project management software etc have enhanced the pace of development of project management.Successful completion of a project on time with the use of limited resources and minimum cost is the main objective of project management. But, project management in modern times is no longer possible by paying attention to resources, cost and time alone. The project managers are forced to look beyond time, cost and resources. The traditional tools and techniques such as Gantt chart, PERT/CPM networks became powerless and attainment of project objective remained a dream for the competent project managers. A careful analysis has been made in various areas of project management and finally reached a way-out that project ma nagers need to have a check on the rapidly changing environment in which the project needs to be materialized.Every project is carried out in a set of complex factors. The totality of all such factors is known as the project environment. Time, organizational factors, a legal system, political system, technology structure, economic system, socio-cultural system are some of the factors in the project environment. All these factors are likely to affect projects and the success depends upon how the project manager and his team respond and adapt to the changes. The basic principles of project management still remain effective in any contexts regardless of size and time. But the resources, budgets, methods, and tools of the project depend upon the environment. If today’s projects are managed by the tools of the past, the probability of failing the project is very high. That does not mean that traditional tools are ineffective in modern times. Thus, before implementing the tools, th ey must be made adaptable to the changed resources, budgets.

Management Information systems - Case study Essay

Management Information systems - Case study - Essay Example Additionally, the Maintenix system is available on the Web as well as easy to utilize and could be established for working and operational stations all through the world. In addition, it lessens cyclic tasks and protracted imperfect or missing data and information by permitting engineering, maintenance and finance divisions to simply share corporate data and information. Moreover, wireless technology based arrangement makes Maintenix information system more efficient like equipment, aviation technicians and parts are for all time on the move. Matintenix offered very effective system arrangement that is accessible on the Web and simple in managing all the stations all through the business domains, regarding operational and functional competence. In addition, software Matintenix minimizes repetitive jobs and missing time tracking or imperfect information by permitting engineering, maintenance and finance divisions to simply share data and information across the globe. Maintenix softwar e employs a contemporary and up-to-date architecture and offers superior potential like that function-based computerized workflow, Web browser interface, electronic database signatures, additional adapters and facility for portable wireless devices.

Water Based Fire Protection System Essay Example for Free

Water Based Fire Protection System Essay Water based fire protection system is the system which is designed to control fire, protect life of people, to minimize damages of materials and infrastructure in more effective manner. A considerable improvement has been made in this system to increase the efficiency of the system and to provide increased fire protection benefit. Numbers of deficiencies are identified in this system in form of reliability, tank storage flow capacity and hydrant spacing. To develop fire protection system in effective manner engineer services are hired in form of consulting, research and development, education, manufacturing and enforcement of facilities management. These engineers basically conduct fire research to known the exact effect of the innovative product or initiative on the fire system. During their research emphasis is made on four areas such as to involve risk analysis in fire protection design to obtain desired result. To conduct research in those areas where the emission of heat is higher and to translate ideas into model to implement it to get the desired result. They also give more emphasis on the understanding of human behavior to predict better on reaction of people to fire cues, smokes and alarms and also on availability of data to obtain more accurate figure, more cost effective designs, increased reliability and a better understanding of financial losses and the cost of improvement in fire protection system. The above research helps the engineers to make evolutionary improvements and to create advance developments in the fire protection system as the situation required. Historical and Evolutionary Improvements in Water based Fire Protection Systems Fire protection system that is incomplete, inadequate or absent or full of deficiencies is not capable of to control fire in best manner. For e. g. sprinkler system installed improperly or lacked water, fire alarms and smoke detractor not in proper condition, improper fire doors etc. These above problems can be solved by installing sprinklers throughout the complex, by adopting fire safety emergency escape route. As a result of this safety of members, staffs, visitors, buildings and life can be possible. It is recommended that proper investigation of all the machinery and fire protection surveys reports to be made on regular interval to ascertain the deficiency involve in the Water based fire protection system and thereby to remove them. The National Fire Protection Association is the sole national organization which develops and lay down standards, measures and steps mandatory required for the fire protection system for the protection of individuals and property from the dangers of fire. This Association helps the fire protection system to remain update with current technology and aware those with the recent improvements required therein. It is made compulsory provision to incorporate audit committee in every fire protection system to check whether the requirements of fire codes and regulations have been properly complied to ensure safety. It is also recommended to hire the service of capita police under the fire protection system to easily control over fire at anywhere. Their 24 hours on site presence play an important role in to control fire of uncontrolled nature. In recent years the need to prevent loss of aircraft damaged by guns and missiles is that to develop fire extinguishing system in the aircraft. In ships, on the other hand to cope with accidental fires, it is necessary to develop more effective fire extinguishing systems. The sprinkler, which was introduced more than 100 years ago, has developed incrementally, and advancements have been made more evolutionary and revolutionary. But the recent sprinklers which have been developed are designed to effectively fight fires in specific fire hazards and to make more efficient use of water. New sprinklers have been developed in the last several years for storage fire risk. The other technology which is emerge in recent years is the introduction of mist technology which is intermingled with work conducted on water spraying systems and sprinkler system. This system was earlier involve in fire control but did not prove to be so much effective due to the variety of pressures, agents, atomization techniques and nozzle configuration. So for its proper implementation need is require to conduct full scale fire testing for each application for which water systems could be applied. The main problem lies with the installation of this system in control of fire is that it is very costly to design, develop, and evaluate. There are three main advantages of water mist system over conventional fire protection systems. The very first advantage is the ability of water mist systems to perform fire extinguishment, suppression or control with far less water than the traditional system. The other advantage is its ability ton effectively cool the protected space. It has been generally seen that during or after water discharge the temperature of the product as well as environment reduced significantly. The last but not the least advantage is its ability to provide smoke scrubbing system which helps to efficiently remove the smoke from the environment that will lead to more clear surrounding. According to USFA (United States Fire Administration) analysis, United states and Canada are most prone to fire death among all industrialized nations. Till date, the fire problem in America was as severe as it was 30 years ago (Principal Findings and Recommendations). However, as a result of recent improvements fires are down by 21 percent per capita, there is reduction in deaths and injuries by 27 percent, adjustment of dollar loss is 28 percent. In 1975, when USFA was established, the approximate fire death were 12000 and the objective was to reduce deaths by 50 percent within 25 years. The goal was achieved by increased use of smoke alarms; there is significant decrease in the number of fires and death cases over past two decades. The greater use of sprinkler system, better code enforcement of fire and smoke-resistant construction methods, and newer fire rated construction materials has led to noticeable control over the fire death rates. Instead of making so much progress in the past decade, the United States is still having one of the highest per-capita fire death rates in the world. Here, the question arises, whether changes in the new building codes will set the United States back by a decade? Will over reliance on sprinklers and elimination of fire rated construction eliminate many of the gains that have been achieved over the past 30 years? This has led to a strong controversy on the subject of balancing active (sprinklers) and passive (fire and smoke-resistant construction) elements in fire protection, building design, and construction interests over the past several years. As a result of required changes in construction, as defined in the new International Building Code (IBC) 2000 and the new National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 5000 building codes, this issue has came into existence. How Codes have Changed and have been Implemented given these Improvements Over the past 30 years, the three national model building codes are incorporated with the increased use of sprinklers while the requirements for fire-resistant components such as walls, floors beams, trusses, girders, dampers, doors, cables and columns, concrete, fireproofing, fire duct wrap, firestop systems, fire rated glazing, and fire rated wall and ceiling boards are reduced. These components and materials are very useful in controlling the spread of fire, limit the damage to a burning building and surrounding structures, and allow sufficient time for occupants to escape and firefighters to do their work before the structure collapses. The two types of building codes are †¢ IBC 2000 It consists of three regional codes- BOCAI (Building Officials and Code Administrators International), SBCCI (Southern Building Code Congress International) and ICBO (International Conference of Building Officials). These codes are merged to produce a new code which represents an overall reduction in standards levels and thus in life-safety effectiveness. Significant differences in the fire protection effectiveness among areas of United States have been recorded due to difference in building code requirements, demographics, and public awareness of fire and smoke hazards. For example, less restrictive areas such as South and North east suffered greater loss of life as compared to regions such as California, where higher standards have been in force. These code differences has led to estimation of allowable height and area tables for building spaces and required mix of active and fire-resistant construction. †¢ IBC/NFPA 5000 The introduction of this code not only comprises to less restrictive provisions but also relax certain requirements: Earlier, BOCA National Building Code allowed only certain buildings with sprinklers to be constructed with no area restrictions or â€Å"fire-ratings† till one storey height. However, under IBC and NFPA 5000, the buildings can be two storeys high and need not be fire rated. The SBCCI Standard Building Code proposed that firewalls should have four-hour fire-resistance rating. With the incorporation of new codes, the fire ratings have reduced to two or three hour as per building occupancy and use. The ICBO Uniform Building Code allowed buildings to have sprinklers either to increase the allowable height or allowable area of building, but not both simultaneously. However, IBC and NFPA 5000 allowed both without increase in fire-resistant construction. The revised code has reduced the cost of new commercial construction by 2 to 3 percent because of significant increase to height and area tables and reductions in fire-resistant construction requirements. Increased reliance on sprinkler system is responsible for less-restrictive construction regulations and fire-resistant construction requirements. Projections for Future Trends and Expectations: Number of projections and planning is made in the coming years to increase the efficiency of the system which most suitable to future situation. The mission of water based fire protection industry is to preserve and enhance the quality of life through professional, highly trained, well equipped organization which delivers quality life suppression, prevention, education, emergency medical service, explosive ordnance disposal, rescue and other services. A noticeable increase in fire stations and apparatus is made at those places were chances of fire is more. The numbers of trained staff have increase to provide quick customer service. Currently fire stations are staffed with three personnel; a captain, engineer and a fire fighter who provides immediate life support. Providing training to as many as people and to include it as a subject in the course study to create the interest. The fire station were remodeled which are three person engine company. The priorities of fire protection system is to quickly response at emergency times, to provide training to personnel, to prevent fire, public education and development of public relations, to prepare pre-incident planning and to provide all the needed facilities of apparatus and equipment maintenance. A new system to collect data related to fire incident is constituted called as National Fire operating System (NFRS). In recent years more emphasis is given on the development of fire fighting strategy tactics, on aggressive interior attack, emphasis on primary and secondary rescue operations to increase the efficiency of each individual. The new program is also set up to measure the level of fitness of employees and to ensure that employees can perform their duties in healthy and safe manner, and to reduce job related injures. A rescue list will be available to common people to utilize the service in case of need and to provide service beyond normal expectations. Numbers of safety surveys are conducted at business places, education centers, service organizations and other public places to minimize the risk of fire and in return to provide a safe place to live. References: Reffered to sites: 1. http://www. pbcsd. org/reports/reviews/WaterSytemReview102706. pdf/Memorandum. 2. http://www. sfpe. org/upload/sfpe_research_agenda.pdf/The society of fire protection engineers. 3. http://www. facilitiesnet. com/ms/article. asp? id=4270keywords=fire%20protection,%20fire%20inspections. Keeping Fire Protection Systems from Going Bad: Developing a Maintenance Program By Lynn Proctor windle 4. http://www. fireengineering. com/articles/article_display. html? id=196217 CLARIFYING THE ISSUE OF FIRE PROTECTION BALANCE Richard R. Licht BY RICHARD R. LICHT 5. http://www. tahoefire. com/StrategicPlan2004. pdf PLAN REVIEW PROCESS